党国統治下のガバナンス－－中国の政治発展にかかる分析

Abstract

中共從「十七大」到「十八大」，兩代領導班子按部就班地依政治報告的藍圖進行改革，但改革核心仍是國家中心與中央集權的。如此一來，黨國統治下的「治理」是何種概念？如何呈現？本文檢證「治理」的四項指標在中國大陸政治改革存在的證據，發現中共從「體」、「用」的角度模仿或移植西方經驗，其目的在維護中共的執政地位與提高「執政能力」，因此在實踐中存在透明／保密、參與／選拔、課責／問責、法治／法制的衝突，政府主導的全能主義（totalism），依然是最符合當前中國大陸治理模式的概念，當中存在改革的瓶頸，只是為排除影響執政壟斷的因子，與治理目標產生的衝突。

Xi Jinping is the general secretary of the 18th Party Congress of CPC. The new leader faces conflicting expectations of how he will apply power to purge the party membership, reducing the tension in state-society relations, and completing the administrative reforms. This article discusses the concept of governance in the party-state and examines the operation by four indices of governance in Mainland China. We can find the political reform in China between two generations of CPC leadership, while trying to maintain the status of power structure and learning from the west at the same time. They borrow a Western reform idea, but emphasis of `Chinese characteristics` and `self-perfecting` in the government-sponsored governance reform has left many bugs inside the party and the state.