Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/104602
題名: 靑少年自我統整與心理特質關係之研究
作者: 林清財
貢獻者: 呂勝瑛
林清財
日期: 1984
上傳時間: 6-十二月-2016
摘要: 論文提要\n本研究的主要目的,在探討青少年自我統整與心理特質的關係。\n本研究樣本取自臺北市三所國中和三所高中學生685名(男生350名,女生335名),研究工具為「自我發展量表」、「自尊量表」、「簡式內外控量表」、「焦慮量表」及「工作與家庭取向量表」等。\n研究的重要發現為:一、自我統整的發展狀況:(一) 在性別方面:男生的活潑自主、自動自發、勤奮勞力、自我統整和自我統整總分顯著地比女生高;女生的對人信賴顯著地比男生高。(二)在年級方面:高中生的活潑自主和自動自發顯著地比國中生高。二、心理特質的發展狀況:(一)在性別方面:男生的自尊顯著地比女生高,女生的焦慮和工作取向顯著地比男生高。(二)在年級方面:高中生的自尊、外控信念、工作精熟程度、工作取向與競爭性顯著地比國中生高。三、自我統整程度不同者的心理特質差異狀況:自我統整程度愈高者,其自尊愈高、焦慮愈低、內控信念愈高、工作精熟程度和工作取向也愈高。
論文提要 壹\n謝辭 叁\n第一章 緒論1 \n第一節 研究動機與目的1 \n第二節 研究問題與假設5 \n第三節 名詞釋義5 \n第四節 研究方法與步驟8 \n第二章 理論基礎與文獻探討9 \n第一節 Erikson心理社會發展理論9 \n壹 Erikson的生平簡介10 \n貳 Erikson心理社會理論與Freud心理分析理論之比較13 \n叁 Erikson自我統整的意義與特點17 \n肆 Erikson人生發展八大階段20 \n第二節 自我統整與心理特質的實證研究36 \n壹 自我統整概念的建構效度研究及其在性別和年齡或年級上的差異36 \n貳 自我統整與自尊的關係52 \n叁 自我統整與焦慮的關係55 \n肆 自我統整與內外控的關係60 \n伍 自我統整與成就動機的關係65\n第三章 研究方法71 \n第一節 研究對象71 \n第二節 研究工具73 \n第三節 實施過程80 \n第四節 資料處理80 \n第四章 研究結果83 \n第一節 自我統整的差異83 \n第二節 心理特質的差異90 \n第三節 自我統整與心理特質的關係96 \n第四節 自我統整的廻歸分析107 \n第五章 結果討論111 \n第一節 自我統整差異的分析111 \n第二節 心理特質差異的分析113 \n第三節 自我統整程度不同在心理特質上差異的分析119 \n第四節 自我統整的預測123 \n第五節 本研究的限制124 \n第六章 結論與建議125 \n第一節 結論125 \n第二節 建議 126 \n參考書目133 \n附錄153 \n附錄一 自我發展量表153 \n附錄二 自尊量表156 \n附錄三 簡式內外控量表157 \n附錄四 焦慮量表159\n附錄五 工作與家庭取向量表161\n附錄六 答案紙164\n附錄七 個人基本資料165\n圖表目錄\n圖錄\n圖 2 ~ 1 古典心理分析與心理分析自我心理學的比較15\n圖 4 ~ 1 各組受試自動自發得分的比較86\n表錄\n表 2 ~ 1 Erikson的心理社會發展階段表21 \n表 3 ~ 1 樣本人數分布情形72 \n表 4 ~ 1 各組受試自我統整得分之平均數與標準差84 \n表 4 ~ 2 各組受試對人信賴得分之變異數分析摘要表85 \n表 4 ~ 3 各組受試活潑自主得分之變異數分析摘要表85 \n表 4 ~ 4 各組受試自動自發得分之變異數分析摘要表86 \n表 4 ~ 5 各組受試自動自發得分單純主要效果之變異數分析摘要表87 \n表 4 ~ 6 各組受試勤奮努力得分之變異數分析摘要表88 \n表 4 ~ 7 各組受試自我統整得分之變異數分析摘要表88 \n表 4 ~ 8 各組受試友愛親密得分之變異數分析摘要表89 \n表 4 ~ 9 各組受試自我統整總分之變異數分析摘要表90 \n表 4 ~ 10 各組受試心理特質得分之平均數與標準差91 \n表 4 ~ 11 各組受試自尊得分之變異數分析摘要表 92 \n表 4 ~ 12 各組受試焦慮得分之變異數分析摘要表92 \n表 4 ~ 13 各組受試內外控得分之變異數分析摘要表93 \n表 4 ~ 14 各組受試工作精熟程度得分之變異數分析摘要表94\n表 4 ~ 15 各組受試工作取向得分之變異數分析摘要表94\n表 4 ~ 16 各組受試競爭性得分之變異數分析摘要表95\n表 4 ~ 17 各組受試個人不在意得分之變異數分析摘要表96\n表 4 ~ 18 各組受試心理特質得分之平均數與標準差97\n表 4 ~ 19 各組受試自尊得分之變異數分析摘要表97\n表 4 ~ 20 表4 ~ 19資料的多重比較97\n表 4 ~ 21 各組受試焦慮得分之變異數分析摘要表98\n表 4 ~ 22 表4 ~ 21資料的多重比較98\n表 4 ~ 23 各組受試內外控得分之變異數分析摘要表99\n表 4 ~ 24 表4 ~ 23資料的多重比較99\n表 4 ~ 25 各組受試工作精熟程度得分之變異數分析摘要表99\n表 4 ~ 26 表4 ~ 25資料的多重比較100\n表 4 ~ 27 各組受試工作取向得分之變異數分析摘要表100\n表 4 ~ 28 表4 ~ 27資料的多重比較101\n表 4 ~ 29 各組受試競爭性得分之變異數分析摘要表101\n表 4 ~ 30 各組受試個人不在意得分之變異數分析摘要表102\n表 4 ~ 31 各組受試心理特質得分之平均數與標準差102\n表 4 ~ 32 各組受試自尊得分之變異數分析摘要表103\n表 4 ~ 33 表4 ~ 32資料的多重比較103\n表 4 ~ 34 各組受試焦慮得分之變異數分析摘要表103\n表 4 ~ 35 表4 ~ 34資料的多重比較104\n表 4 ~ 36 各組受試內外控得分之變異數分析摘要表104\n表 4 ~ 37 表4 ~ 36資料的多重比較105\n表 4 ~ 38 各組受試工作精熟程度得分之變異數分析摘要表105\n表 4 ~ 39 表4 ~ 38資料的多重比較105\n表 4 ~ 40 各組受試工作取向得分之變異數分析摘要表106 \n表 4 ~ 41 表4 ~ 40資料的多重比較106 \n表 4 ~ 42 各組受試競爭性得分之變異數分析摘要表107 \n表 4 ~ 43 各組受試個人不在意得分之變異數分析摘要表107 \n表 4 ~ 44 男生自我統整預測的逐步廻歸分析結果108 \n表 4 ~ 45 女生自我統整預測的逐步廻歸分析結果109
參考文獻: 一、中文部分:\n江南發:青少年自我統整與形式運思能力關係之研究。國立高雄師範學院教育研究所碩士論文,民國71年。\n呂俊甫:發展心理與教育。臺北:臺灣商務印書館,民國71年。\n呂勝瑛:資優兒童的心理特質之研究。政大教育與心理研究,民國71年,第五期,第225~250頁。\n李本華、楊國樞:青少年心理測驗手冊。中國青年反共救國團青少年輔導中心 - 「張老師」,民國71年。\n吳子輝:內外控取向與自由選擇對閱讀測驗成績之影響。國立政治大學教育研究所碩士論文,民國64年。\n吳武典:兒童之性別制握傾向與學業成就。師大教育心理學報,民國64年,第八期,第107~114頁。\n吳武典:制握信念與學業成就、自我觀念、社會互助之關係及其改變技術。國立臺灣師範大學教育研究所集刊,民國66年,第19輯,第129~178頁。\n林清山:心理與教育統計學。臺北:東華書局,民國67年。\n林碧峰、楊國樞、繆瑜、楊有維:中國學童焦慮量表之修訂。載於楊國樞、張春興合編:中國兒童行為的發展。臺北:環宇出版社,民國62年,第465~518頁。\n邱連煌:談自尊心與父母的職資(一)(二)(三)(四)。中央日報副刊,民國70年4月1~4日。\n洪有義:國中智能不足與資賦優異學生心理特質之比較研究。師大教育心理學報,民國71年,第15期,第167~194頁。\n高桂足、陳李綢、蔡淑敏、古明嬋、許錫珍、徐芳華、陳若章等:心理學名詞彙編。臺北:文景書局,民國63年。\n郭生玉:國中低成就學生心理特質之分析研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育研究所集刊,第15輯,民國62年,第451~534頁。\n郭為藩:自我心理學。臺南:開山書局,民國64年。\n陳李綢:教師喜愛學生程度與學生社交地位、成就動機及內外控信念之關係。師大教育心理學報,民國69年,第13期,第187~194頁。\n陳李綢:大專男女生自我統整程度與職業選擇、學習滿意度及父母養育方式之比較研究。師大教育心理學報,民國72年,第16期,第89~98頁。\n陳秀珍:焦慮、內外控及挫折對注意力作業之個別及交互影響。國立臺灣大學心理研究所碩士論文,民國69年。\n張春興:心理學。臺北:東華書局,民國71年。\n張春興:成長中自我的探索。臺北:東華書局,民國72年。\n張春興、林清山:教育心理學。臺北:東華書局,民國70年。\n張春興、黃淑芬:大學教育環境與青年期自我統整形成關係的初步研究。師大教育心理學報,民國71年,第15期,第31~46頁。\n張煌熙:國中編班方式與學生學習動機之關係。國立臺灣師範大學教育研究所集刊,民國64年,第17輯,第195~304頁。\n許錫珍、蘇建文、邱連煌:兒童制握信念與父母制握信念以及社經水準的關係。測驗年刊,民國68年,第26輯,第37~46頁。\n黃淑芬:大學生自我統整與職業成熟及自我確認的關係,國立臺灣師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文,民國71年。\n黃堅厚:國小及國中學生內外控信念之研究。師大教育心理學報,民國68年,第12期,第1~14頁。\n曾一泓:國中學生的控制信念與父母的控制信念及教養方式之關係。國立臺灣師範大學教育研究所集刊,民國66年,第19輯,第495~506頁。\n單小琳:教師成就動機與學生評定老師、學生學業成就的關係。國立政治大學教育研究所碩士論文,民國68年。\n楊淑珍:父母管教態度、社會焦慮及學業成就。輔導學報,民國69年,第3期,第179~191頁。\n楊國樞:心理學。臺北:臺灣商務印書館,民國59年。\n楊國樞、柯永河、李本華:國中學生的心理特質與學業成就。中央研究院民族學研究所集刊,民國62年,第35期,第41~86頁。\n葉國安:我國師專生家庭社經地位、成就動機、抱負水準與學業成就之關係。國立臺灣師範大學教育研究所集刊,民國68年,第21輯,第277~286頁。\n劉焜輝、藍三印:當代心理學家生平與學說。臺北:天馬出版社,民國68年。\n劉錦志、陳明終:市區與郊區國小學生學業成就與心理特質關係之分析研究。測驗年刊,民國69年,第27輯,第23~32頁。\n蘇建文:兒童及青少年焦慮情緒之發展及其相關因素之研究。師大教育心理學報,民國69年,第13期,第85~94頁。\n\n二、西文部分:\nAdams, G. R., & Fitch, S. A. Ego stage and identity status development : a cross-sequential analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1982, 43(3), 573-583.\nAdams, G. R., & Shea, J. A. The relationship between identity status, locus of control, and ego development. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1979, 8(1), 81-89.\nAdams, G. R., Shea, J., & Fitch, S.A. Toward the development of an objective assessment of ego identity status. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1979, 8(2), 223-237.\nAtkinson, J. W. An Introduction to Motivation. Princeton: Van Nostrand,1964.\nAtkinson, J. W., & Feather, N. T. A Theory Achievement Motivation. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 1966.\nAusubel, D. P. Educational Psychology. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1968.\nArcher, S. L. The lower age boundaries of identity development. Child Development, 1982, 53, 1551-1556.\nBachman, J. G.., & O`Malley, P. M. Self-esteem in young men: a longitudinal analysis of the impact of educational and occupational attainment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1977, 35(6), 365-380.\nBachman, J. G., O`Malley, P. M., & Johnston, J. J. Youth in transition, Vol. 6. Adolescence to adulthood-A study of change and stability in the lives of young men. Ann Arbor, Mich. : Institute for social reseaceh, 1978.\nBlock, G. Ego identity, role variability, and adjustment, Journal of Consulting Psychology, 1961, 25(5), 392-397.\nBourne, E. The state of research on ego identity: a review and appraisal. Part I. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1978a, 7(3), 223-251.\nBourne, E. The state of research on ego identity: a review and appraisal. Part II. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1978b, 7(4), 371-392.\nBoyd, R.D. Analysis of the ego-state development of school-age childern. The Journal of Experimental Education ,1964, 32(3), 249-257.\nBreuer, H. Ego identity status in late-adolescent college males, as measured by a group administered incomplete sentences blank and related to inferred stance toward authority. Unpublished doctoral disseration, New York University, 1973.\nBronson, G.W. Identity diffusion in late adoleseents, Jounnal of Abnonmal and Social Psychology, 1959, 59, 414-417.\nBunt, M. Ego identity: its relationship to the discrepancy between how an adolescent views himself and how he perceives that others view him. Psychology, 1968, 5(3), 14-25.\nByrne P. The repression-sensitization scale: Rationale, reliability, and validity, Journal of Personality 1961, 29, 334-349.\nCaillet, K. C. Ego stage development inventory. Unpublished self-report inventory, 1980.\nChandler, T. A., & Dugovics, D. A. Sex differences in research on locus of control. Psychological Reports., 1977, 41, 47-53.\nCiaccio, N.V. A test of Erikson`s theory of ego epigenesis. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 4(3), 306-311.\nConstantinople, A. An Eriksonian measure of personality development in college students. Developmental Psychology, 1969, 1, 357-372.\nConstantinople, A. Some correlates of aveage level of happiness among college students. Developmental Psychology, 1970, 2, 447.\nCoopersmith, S. The antecedents of self-esteem. San Francisco: Freeman, 1967.\nCoopersmith, S. Self-esteem inventory (manual). Lafayette, California: Self-esteem institute, 1975. \nCrandall, V. C., Katkovsky, W., & Crandall, V. J. Children`s beliefs in their control of reinforcements in intellectual academic achievement situation. Child Devlopment, 1965, 36, 91-109.\nCross, J. H., & Allen ,J.G. Ego identity status, adjustment, and academic achievement. Journal of Consulting and clinical Psychology, 1970, 34, 288.\nCross, J. H. & Allen, J.G. Antecedents of identity status : difference between males and females, Paper presented at the Eastern Psychological Association meeting, 1971.\nCsikszentmihalyi, M., Larson, R., & Prescott, S. The ecology of adolescent activity and experience. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1977, 6, 281-94.\nDahlstorm, W. A., & Welsh, G. S. An MMPI handbook. The University of Minnesota Press, 1960.\nDignan, S. M. Ego identity, identification, and adjustment in colleae woman. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Fordham University, 1963, No. 64-2419.\nDignan, M. H. Ego identity and maternal identification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1965.1,476-483.\nDollard, J. & Miller, N. Personality and Psychotherapy. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1950.\nDrummond, R. J., Mcintire, W. G., & Ryan, C. W. Stabily and sex differences on the Coopersmith self-esteem inventory for students in grades two to twelve. Psychological Reports, 1977, 40, 943-946.\nErikson, E. H. Childhood and Society. 2nd ed. New York: Norton, 1963.\nErikson. E. H. Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: Norton, 1968.\nErikson, E. H. Identity and the Life Cycle. 2nd ed. New York: Norton, 1980.\nEysenck, H. J., et al. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Psychology. 1973, Vol.2, pp. 286-287.\nFalbo, T. Relationships between birth category, achievement, and interpersonal orientation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1981, 41(1), 121-131.\nFreud, S. The Problem of Anxiety. New York: Norton, 1936. Gallatin, J. E. Adolescence and individuality. New York: Harper & Publisher, 1975.\nGinsburg, S. D., & Orlofsky, J. L. Ego identity status, ego development, and locus of control in college women. Journal of Youth Adolescence, 1981, 10(4), 297-307.\nGrotevant, H. D., & Thorbecke, W. L. Sex differences in styles of occupational identity formation in late adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 1982, 18(3), 396-405.\nGrotevant, H. D., Thorbecke, W., & Meyer, M.L. An extension of Marcia`s identity status interview into the interpersonal domain. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1982, 11(1), 33-47.\nGruen, W. Rejection of false information about oneself as an indication of ego identity. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 1960, 24, 231-233.\nHall, C.S., & Lindzey, G. Theories of Personality. 3rd ed. New York: Wioly, 1978.\nHauser, S.T. Black and white identity development: aspects and perspectives. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1972, 1(2), 113-130.\nHauser, S.T. Self-image complexity and identity formation in adolescence: logitudinal studies. Journal of youth and Adolescence, 1976, 5(2),161-177.\nHeilbrun, A.B. Conformity to masculinity-feminity stereotypes and ego identity in adolescents. Psychological Reports, 1964, 14, 351-357.\nHelmreich, R. L., & Spence, J.T. Work and family orientation questionnaire: an objective instrument to assess components of achievement motivation and attitudes toward family and career. Journal of Supplement Abstracts Service, 1978, 8(2), 35.\nHelmreich, R., & Stapp, J. Short Forms of the Texas Social Behavior Inventory (TSBI), an objective measure of self-esteem. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 1974, 4(5A), 473-475.\nHermans, H. J. M. A questionnaire measure of achievement motivation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1970, 54(4), 353-363.\nHodgson, J. W., & Fischer, J. L. Sex differences in identity and intimacy development in college youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence,1979, 8(1), 37-50.\nHorner, M. S. Sex differences in a hievement motivation and performance incompetitive and non-competitive stitution,1968. In G. W. Dalton, & P. R. Lawrence, Motivation and Control in Oraganizations. Illinois: Richard D. Irwin, 1971.\nHoward, L. Identity conflicts in adolescent girls. Smith College Studies in Social Work, 1960, 31, 1-21.\nHoward, M. R. Ego identity status in women, fear of success, and performance in a competitive situation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. State University of New York at Buffalo, 1975.\nHoward, S. M., and Kubis, J. F. Ego identity and some aspects of personal adjustment. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1964, 58, 2, 459-466.\nHurlock, E. B. Developmental Psychology: A Life-Span Approach. 5th ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 1980.\nJaquish, G. A., & Savin-Williams, R. C. Biological and ecological factors in the expression of adolescent self-esteem. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1981, 10(6), 473-485.\nJordan, D. Parental antecedents and personality characteristics of ego identity statuses. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, SUNY at B. 1971.\nLaVoie, J. C. Ego identity formation in middle adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1976, 5, 371-185.\nMaccoby, E. E., & Jacklin, C.N. The Psychology of Sex Differences. London: Oxford University Press. 1975.\nMahler. C. The assessment and evaluation of the coping styles of two ego identity status groups: Moratorium and Foreclosure, two identity conflict-arousing stimuli. Unpublished master`s thesis. & SUNY at B, 1969.\nMaier, H. W. Three Theories of Child Development. New York: Harper & Row, Pub. 1969.\nMarcia, J. E. Development and validation of ego identity status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1966, 3(5), 551-558.\nMarcia, J. E. Ego identity status: Relationship to change in self-esteem, "general maladjustment," and authoritarianism. Journal of Personality, 1967, 35(1), 119-133.\nMarcia, J. E. Identity six years after: A follow-up study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1976a, 5, 145-160.\nMarcia, J. E. Studies in ego identity. Unpublished research monograph. Simon Fraser University. 1976b.\nMarcia, J. E. Identity in adolescence. In Adelson, J. Handbook of adolescent psychology, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1980, pp. 159-187.\nMarcia, J. E. and Friedman, M. L. Ego identity status in college women. Journal of Personality, 38(2), 1970, 249-263.\nMaslow, A. H. Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper and Row, 1970.\nMatteson, D. R. Exploration and commitment: sex difference and methodological. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1977, 6(4), 353-374.\nMcCarthy, J. D., & Hoge, D. R. Analysis of age effects in longitudinal studies of adolescent self-esteem. Developmental Psychology, 1982, 18(3), 372-379.\nMcClelland, D. C. The Achieving Society. Princeton: Van Nostrand. 1961.\nMcGinnies, E., Nordholm, L.A., Ward, C. D., & Bhanthumnavin D. L. Sex and cultural differences in perceived locus of control among students in five countries. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1979, 42(3), 451-455.\nMeilman, P. W. Cross-sectional age changes in ego identity status during adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 1979,15(2), 230-231.\nMonte, C. F. Beneath the Mask: An Introduction to Theories of Personality. 2nd ed. Halt, Rinehart and Winston, 1980.\nMurray, H. A. Explorations in Personality. New York: Oxford University Press.1938.\nNowicki, S., & Duke, M. P. A preschool and primary internal external contral scale. Developmental Psychology, 1974, 10, 874-880.\nNowicki, S., & Strickland, B. R. A locus of control scale for children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, .1973, 40, 148-154.\nO`Connell, A. N. The relationship between life style and identity synthesis and resynthesis in traditional, neo-traditional, and non-traditional women. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1976, 44, 675-688.\nO`Malley, P. M., & Backman, J. G. Self-esteem and education: Sex and chort comparisous among high school seniors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1979, 37(7) 1153-1159.\nO`Malley, P. M., & Bachman, J. G. Self-esteem: change and stability between age l3 and 23. Developmental Psychology, 1983, 19(2), 257-268.\nOrlofsky, J. L., Marcia, J. E, and Lesser, I. M. Ego identity status and the intimacy vs. isolation crisis of young adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1973, 27(2), 211-219.\nOrlofsky, J. L. Identity formation, Achievement, and fear of success in college men and women. Journal of Youth and Adolescence,1978, 7(1), 49-62.\nOsborne, W. L. & LeGette, H. R. Sex, race, grade level, and social class differences in self-concept. Measurement and Evaluation in Guidance, 1982, 14(4), 195-201.\nOshman, H. P., and Manosevitz, M. The impact of the identity crisis on the adjustment of late-adolescent males. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1974, 3, 207-216.\nParsons, O. A., & Schneider, J. M. Locus of control in university students from eastern and western societies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1974, 42(3), 456-461.\nPenk, W. E. Age changes and correlates of internal external locus of control scale. Psychological Reports , 1969, 25, 856.\nPiaget, J., The psychology of intelligence. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1950.\nPodd, M. H. Ego identity status and morality: The relationship between two developmental constructs. Developmental Psychology, 1972, 6, 497-507.\nPodd, M. H., Marcia, J. E., and Rubin, B. M. The effects of ego identity and partner perception on a prisoner`s dilemma games. Journal of Social Psychology, 1970, 82, 117-126.\nPomerantz, S. C. Sex differences in the relative importance of self-esteem, physical self-satisfication, and identity in predicting adolescente satisfaction. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1979, 8(1), 51-61.\nPrawat, R. S. Mapping the affective domain in young adolescents. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1976, 68(5), 566-572.\nPrawat, R. S., Jones, H., & Hampton, J. Longitudinal study of attitude development in Pre-, early, and later adolescent samples. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1979, 71(3), 363-369.\nRasmussen, J. E. Relationship of ego identity to psychosocial effectiveness. Psychological Reports, 1964., 15, 815-825.\nRogers. C. A theory of therapy, personality, and interpersonal relationships, as developed in the client-centred framework. In S. Koch (Ed.) Psychology: A Study of a science. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959, 3, 184-256.\nRomano, N. C. Relationship among identity confusion and resolution, self-esteem, and sex-role perceptions in freshman woman at Rutgers University. Unpublished doctor dissectation, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, 1975.\nRosenberg, M. Society and the Adolescent Self-Image. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1965.\nRosenblith, J. F., Allinsmith, W., & Williams, J.P., The Cause of Behavior: Reading in child development and education Psychology. 3rd ed. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, Inc., 1974.\nRosenthal, D. A., Gurney, R. M., & Moore, S. M. From trust to intimacy: a new inventory for examining Erikson`s stage of psychosocial development. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1981, 10(6), 525-537.\nRotter, J. B. Social Learning and Clinical Psychology. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1954.\nRotter, J. B. Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80(1): Whole No.609, 1966.\nRuebush, B. K. Anxiety. In H.W. Stevenson, J. Kagan, & C. Spiker (eds.), Child Psychology : The sixty-second yearbook of the National Society for the study of Education. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, l963. \nSchenkel, S. Relationship among ego identity status, field-independence, and traditional femininity. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1975, 4, 73-82.\nSchenkel, S., and Marcia, J. E. Attitudes toward premarital intercourse in determining ego identity status in college women. Journal of Personality, 1972, 3, 472-482.\nSimmons, D. D. Development of an objective measure of Identity Achievement status. Journal of Projective Techniques and Personality Assessment, 1970, 34, 241-244.\nSimmons, R. G. & Rosenberg, F. Sex, Sex Roles, and Self-image. Journal of Youth and Adolescence ,1975, 4(3), 229-258.\nSpielberg, C. D., & Zuckerman, M. Emotion and Anxiety. 1976, LEA.\nStark, P. A. and Traxler, A. J. Empirical Validation of Erikson`s theory of identity crises in late adolescence. The Journal of Psychology, 1974, 86, 25-35.\nSymonds, P. M. The Ego and the Self. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts,1951.\nTan, A. J., Kendis, R. J., Fine, J. T., & Porac, J. A short measure of Eriksonian ego identity. Journal of Personality Assessment. 1977, 41, 279-284.\nThorbecke, W., & Grotevant, H. D. Gender differences in adolescent interpersonal identity formation. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1982, 11(6), 479-492.\nUrberg, K. A., & Labouvie-vief, G. Conceptualizations of sex roles: a life span development study. Developmental Psychology, 1976, 12(1), 15-23.\nValecha, G. K., & Ostrom, T. M. An abbreviated measure of internal-external locus of control. Journal of Personality Assessment, 1974, 38(4), 369-376.\nWagner, J. A. A study of the relationship between formal operations and ego identity in adolescence. Unpublisned doctoral dissertation, SUNY at B. 1976.\nWalter, S. A., & Stivers, E. The relation of student teachers` Classroom behavior and Friksonian ego identity. Journal of Teacher Education, 1977, 28, 6, 47-50.\nWaterman, A.S. Identity in adolescence and youth. Unpublished manuscript, 1977.\nWaterman, A. S. Ego identity status among married, adult women. Paper presented at the meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association, Hartford, Connecticut, April. 1980.\nWaterman, A. S. Identity development from adolescence to adulthood : an extension of theory and a review of research. Developmental Psychology, 1982, 18(3), 341-358.\nWaterman, A. S., & Archer, S. Ego identity status and expressive writing among high school and college students. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1979, 8(3), 327-341.\nWaterman, A. S., Geary, P. S., and Waterman, C.K. A Longitudinal study of changes in ego identity status from the freshman to the senior year at college. Developmental Psychology, 1974, 10, 387-392.\nWaterman, A. S., and Goldman, J. A. A longitudinal study of ego identity development at a liberal arts college. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1976, 5, 361-369. \nWaterman, A. S. and Goldman, J. A. Correlates of ego identity status among a sample of male students at a liberal arts college. Unpublished manuscript, 1977.\nWaterman, A. S. and Waterman, C. K. The relationship between ego identity status and satisfaction with college. Journal of Educational Research, 1970, 64(4), 165-168.\nWaterman, A. S. and Waterman, C. K. A longitudinal study of changes in ego identity status during the freshman year at college. Developmental Psychology, 1971, 5, 167-173.\nWaterman, C. K., Buebel, M. E., and Waterman, A. S. The relationship between resolution of the identity crisis and outcomes of previcus psychosocial crises. Proceedings of the 78th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association , 1970, 5, 467-468. (Summary)\nWaterman, C. K., & Nevid, J. S. Sex differences in the resolution of the identity crisis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1977, 6(4), 337-342.\nWaterman, C. K. and Waterman, A. S. Ego identity status and decision styles. J Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1974, 3, 1-6.\nWatkins, D. The development and evaluation of self-esteem measuring instruments. Journal of personality Assessment, 1978, 42(2), 171-182.\nWeiner, B. New conceptions in the study of achievement motivation. In B. Maher, Progress in Experimental Personality Research, Vol. 5, New York: Academic Press, 1970.\nWeiner, B. Achievement Strivings. In H. London, & S. E. Exner(eds.), Dimensions of Personality. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1978.\nWhitbourne, S. K., Jelsma, B. M., & Waterman, A. S. An Eriksonian measure of personality development in college students: a reexamination of Constantinoplis dota a partial replication. Developmental Psychology, 1982, 18(3), 369-371.\nWhitbourne, S. K., & Waterman, A. S. Psychosocial development during the adult years: age and cohort comparisons. Developmental Psychology,1979,15(4), 373-378.\nWienrich, A.M., Wells, P.A., & McManus, C. Handedness, anxiety and sex differences. British Journal of Psychology. 1982, 73, 69-72.\nWolk, S., & Kurtz, J. Positive adjustment and involuement during aging and expectancy for internal control. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 1975, 43(2), 173-178.\nZiller, R. C., Hagey, J., Dell, M., Smith, M. D., & Long, B. Self-esteem: a self-social construct. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1969, 33, 84-95.
關聯: 國立政治大學
教育研究所
碩士
72
資料類型: thesis
Appears in Collections:學位論文

Files in This Item:
File Description SizeFormat
index.html115 BHTML2View/Open
Show full item record

Google ScholarTM

Check


Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.