認同與轉變: 中華民國(台灣)軍民關係的認知研究

Abstract

隨著政治在台灣不斷發展，兩者之間的關係也隨之而來\n中華民國（ROC）軍事和社會。\n民主化，民間社會的增長，經濟和社會自由化，以及更大\n在性別和性取向方面的平等標誌著一個台灣社會\n成為自由主義，大部分是在西方大部分地區發生的相同模式。如\n社會變得更加開放和自由，一直有政府的傾向\n政策制定者推動軍隊 - 一個重要的社會制度 - 在這個方向。\n然而，問題出現，當西方例子遵循沒有適當\n評估它們是否適合當地條件。一個例子是push\n將中華民國軍轉變為全志願軍：這在西方工作，因為它\n有機地發生，並基於之前進行的詳盡的社會學研究\n實施。但對台灣來說是正確的嗎？\n為了評估西方例子的適用性，本研究使用其理論\n構建後現代軍事模型，這是一個用於描述的理論構造\n如何通過感知威脅的變化驅動軍民關係的變化。由開發\n美國軍事社會學家查爾斯·莫斯科斯，約翰·艾倫·威廉姆斯和大衛·西格爾\nPMMM描述了在美國軍隊和其他地方發生的變革\n武裝部隊在世界上，並有助於理解軍民關係的狀態。這個\n研究根據PMMM的11個維度來評估ROC軍隊\n確定軍民關係的現狀，同時也提供評估\n該模型適用於台灣的獨特背景。\n本研究採用定量方法，使用對提供初級的中華民國公民的調查\n數據，輔以文件證據，以確定民用軍事的現狀\n關係使用PMMM的11維度作為框架。分析結果\n表明，中華民國軍隊不適合PMMM的模式，但在某種程度上\n雖然如此，卻揭示了台灣軍民關係的現狀。仔細看看這些\n維度揭示了PMMM如何，而不是政策制定者的適當路線圖\n但是它是了解中華民國軍民現狀的一個很好的工具\n關係，還可以有助於形成更好的政策。

As the polity continues to evolve in Taiwan, so too does the relationship between the\nRepublic of China (ROC) military and society.\nDemocratization, the growth of civil society, economic and social liberalization, and greater\nequality in terms of gender and sexual orientation have marked a Taiwan society that is\nbecoming liberal, largely in the same pattern that has taken place in much of the West. As\nsociety becomes more open and free, there has been a tendency for government and\npolicymakers to push the military—an important social institution—in that direction as well.\nThe problem arises, however, when Western examples are followed without a proper\nassessment of whether they are appropriate for local conditions. An example is the push to\ntransition the ROC military to an All-Volunteer Force: this worked in the West because it\nhappened organically and based on exhaustive sociological research conducted prior to\nimplementation. But is it the right thing for Taiwan?\nIn order to assess the applicability of the Western example, this research uses as its theoretical\nconstruct the Postmodern Military Model, which is a theoretical construct used to describe\nhow civil-military relations transform driven by changes in perceived threat. As developed by\nUS military sociologists Charles C. Moskos, John Allen Williams, and David R. Segal, the\nPMMM describes the transformations that have taken place in the US military and other\narmed forces in the world, and aids in understanding the state of civil-military relations. This\nresearch assesses the ROC military according to the 11 dimensions of the PMMM to\ndetermine the current state of civil-military relations, while also providing an assessment of\nthe model’s applicability to the unique context of Taiwan.\nThis study employs quantitative methods, using a survey of ROC citizens providing primary\ndata, supplemented by documentary evidence, to determine the current state of civil-military\nrelations using as a framework the 11 dimensions of the PMMM. Analysis of the findings\nindicate that the ROC military does not neatly fit the pattern of the PMMM, but in a way that\nnonetheless sheds light on the state of civil-military relations in Taiwan. A closer look at these\ndimensions reveals how the PMMM, while not an appropriate roadmap for policymakers, is\nnevertheless an excellent tool for understanding the current state of ROC civil-military\nrelations, and can yet contribute to the formation of better policy.