英日小說對譯時所面臨的文化挑戰－以人稱代名詞為例

Abstract

論述分三點。第一點指陳由日文翻譯成英文時，如無法傳遞文化訊息時，多以在腳註內補充說明作為因應之道，如《我輩は猫である》的英譯便是。第二點陳述英日文對譯時可以傳遞文化內涵，但要換穿對方的文化外衣方能奏效，如夏目漱石的《坊っちゃん》的英譯和Daniel Defoe的Robinson Crusoe的日譯便是。第三點則是原文和譯文無論是在句構，文意，文體上皆十分契合宛如天成，如夏目漱石的《こころ》的英譯Kokoro便是。

When it comes to translating Japanese novel into English ones, or the other way around, culture often presents a challenge no less formidable than language problems. The present writer intends to trace and clarify the sphere of culture influence personal pronoun, Japanese and English, generates and the syntactic changes the same brings forth, which often baffles translators’efforts. Eight novels will be taken up for comparison and demonstration. Among them include Natsume Sôseki’s《我輩は貓である》，《坊っちゃん》，《こころ》，and their English counterparts; and Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe and its Japanese counterpart. Three concerns will be dealt with in due course. The first one shows translator’s powerlessness to get across cultural message to the TL readers, exemplified by I am a cat. The second one tells translator’s success in transmitting the message to the audience by assuming an aspect of TL’s culture, exemplified by the English version of 《坊っちゃん》and the Japanese version of Robinson Crusoe. The last one treats the close correspondence between the SL and TL, exemplified by《こころ》’s English version Kokoro.