大陸地區農村流動人口經濟成就之研究：從相對所得移動的觀點分析

Abstract

本文主要的目的在以1995年山東濟南市農村流動人口的調查為例，評估中國大陸農村個別移民藉由遷移在都市勞動力市場上的所得經濟成就。本文採相對所得移動的方法，以移民未遷移時在農村的收入和遷移後現在工作的所得，觀察遷移前後所得移動的變化，做為評估遷移效果的依據，並進一步選擇九個自變數，對遷移前後所得位置移動的影響因素進行分析。發現73.8%的樣本移民遷移後所得位置向上移動，11.7%的人向下移動，而有14.5%的人維持原狀。其中向上移動的平均幅度大於向下移動，未遷出時所得位置在較低層的人，遷移後所得位置向上流動的級數愈大。未遷移時所得位置愈高者，遷出後較不易維持，向下移動的級數也愈大。其中，遷移前從事非農業工作的男性、及目前在集體部門就業者，傾向所得向下移動。遷移前從事農業工作的男性、新進移民、目前為個體戶、為經濟動機遷移、遷移前後沒有參加過訓練，及初中以上教育程度者，傾向所得向上移動。儘管並不是所有的農村移民遷移後所得位置都提高，但仍有74%的樣本藉由遷移，提高了其在該團體中原有的所得位置。因此，遷移對濟南市的農村移民而言，仍有經濟上的價值。

Purpose: To investigate whether individual person in the rural China through immigration has any effect upon his income achievement on the urban labor market.Model: Dept. variable: income position mobility before and after immigration. Indept. variables:mine variables.Method: Using the relative income mobility model, we compare the movement of each individual person`s income position before and after immigration to see if there is any immigration effect or not.Data: From "Investigation of Rural-Urban Migration in Ji`nan city, Shandong Province, 1995", we got first hand data from questionnaires.Findings: From the analysis of income mobility model before and after immigration, we found that 14.5% of the sample immigrants did not change their income at all, while 73.8% of those immigrants move upward and 11.7% move downward. The more lower of those possesing income position before immigration, the more higher they will move up after immigration, and visa versa. After analyzing which factors influence income mobility, we found that those doing non-agricultural works, and males are more inclined to move downward; while those newly immigrants, and those holding I ndividual enterprises, and those non-training immigrans have the potential to move upward.