Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/106948| 題名: | 中國農民工和城市勞工之薪資差異再探-追蹤資料分析 Re-examination of the wage differences between migrant workers and urban workers in China |
作者: | 顧訓豪 Ku, Hsun-Hao |
貢獻者: | 莊奕琦 Chuang, Yih-Chyi 顧訓豪 Ku, Hsun-Hao |
關鍵詞: | 農民工 薪資差異 追蹤資料 薪資歧視 教育報酬率 中國勞動市場 城市勞工 戶口制度 勞動市場二元化 Oaxaca薪資分解 固定效果模型 Hausman-Taylor 模型 隨機效果模型 |
日期: | 2017 | 上傳時間: | 1-三月-2017 | 摘要: | 從2000年起中國農民工即被經濟學家廣泛討論，但由於資料取得不易，研究方法和估計偏誤的修正皆存在限制。本文利用2008年和2009年RUMiC追蹤資料，得以控制除了樣本選擇性偏誤外的樣本的內生性和異質性問題，重新去探討中國男性農民工和男性城市居民的的薪資差異。研究結果發現，在就業選擇方面，家庭成員的收入對於是否成為受薪勞工有很大的影響力，對於農民工而言，移動成本越高越需要成為穩定的受薪勞工；在薪資估計方面，城市居民利用追蹤資料分析的工作經回報率比起OLS估計低上許多，農民工則是有較OLS估計高的工作經驗回報率，在控制估計偏誤後，城市居民的教育回報率約為10%，是農民工的4.9%的兩倍以上，與過往文獻出現相悖個結果，說明在沒有控制內生和異質性問題下，城市居民的教育回報率被嚴重的低估，可能造成後續估計上出現不同的結果，本文利用追蹤資料薪資估計結果在進行Oaxaca薪資差異分解，發現其差異約70%-80%歸咎於農民工和城市居民的稟賦差異，只有約20%-30%來自於不可解釋部分，被視作歧視性薪資差異，而其中教育年數不再是足以弭平歧視的要素之一，工作經驗變成消除農民工在職場受到的歧視唯一強大的要素。 | 參考文獻: | Akay, A., Bargain, O. and Zimmermann, K. F. (2012). Relative concerns of rural-to-urban migrants in China, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 81, pp. 421–441.\nAltonji, J. and Shakotko, R. (1987). Do wages rise with job seniority?. Review of Economic Studies, 54 (3), 437-59.\nAntonio Caparro´s Ruiz, Lucı´a Navarro Go´mez, Mario Rueda Narva´ez (2010). Endogenous wage determinants and returns to education in Spain, International Journal of Manpower, 31(4), pp. 410-425.\nAppleton, S., Knight, J., Song, L. And, & Xia, Q. (2004). Contrasting paradigms: Segmentation and competitiveness in the formation of the Chinese labor market. Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, 2(3), 185–205.\nBaltagi, B.H., and S. Khanti-Akom (1990). On efficient estimation with panel data: An empirical comparison of instrumental variables estimators. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 5, 401–406.\nBelton M. Fleisher, Yifan Hu, Haizheng Li, Seonghoon Kim (2011). Economic transition, higher education and worker productivity in China. Journal of Development Economics, 94, 86–94.\nBound, J., Jaeger, D., & Baker, R. (1995). Problems with instrumental variables estimation when the correlation between the instruments and endogenous explanatory variable is weak. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 90, 443–450.\nByron, R., and E. Manaloto. (1990). Returns to Education in China. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 38 (4), 783-796.\nCard, D. (1993). Using geographic variation in college proximity to estimate the returns to education. NBER Working Paper No. 4483, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, NY.\nCard, D. (1999). The causal effect of education on earnings. In O. Ashenfelter, & D. Card (Eds.). Handbook of Labour Economics, 3B. Amsterdam: Elsevier.\nChen, G., & Hamori, S. (2009). Economic returns to schooling in urban China: OLS and the instrumental variables approach. China Economic Review, 20, 143–152.\nCornwell, Christopher and Peter Rupert (1988). Efficient Estimation With Panel Data: An Empirical Comparison of Instrumental Variables. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 3(2), 149-155.\nCotton, J. (1988). On the Decomposition of Wage Differentials. Review of Economics and Statistics, 70(2), 236-243.\nde Brauw, A. and Rozelle, S. (2008). Reconciling the returns to education in off-farm wage employment in rural China, Review of Development Economics, 12, pp. 57–71.\nDemurger, S., Gurgand, M., Li, S., & Yue, X. (2009). Migrants as second-class workers in urban China? A decomposition analysis. Journal of Comparative Economics, 37, 610–628.\nDemurger, S., & Xu, H. (2011). Return migrants: The rise of new entrepreneurs in rural China. World Development, 39(10), 1847–1861.\nFleisher, B. M., & Wang, X. (2004). Skill differentials, return to schooling, and market segmentation in a transition economy: The case of mainland China. Journal of Development Economics, 73(1), 315–328.\nFleisher, B. M., Li, H. Z., Li, S., & Wang, X. J. (2005). Sorting, selection, and transformation of return to college education in China. Working paper 05–07, Ohio State University.\nGriliches, Z. (1977). Estimating the returns to schooling: some econometric problems. Econometrica, 45(1),1-22.\nGuillotin, Y. and Sevestre, P. (1994). Estimations de fonctions de gains sur done´es de panel: endoge´neite´ du capital humain et effets de la se´lection. E´conomie et Prevision, 116, 119-35.\nHausman, J. and Taylor, W. (1981), Panel data and unobservable individual effects. Econometrica, 49(6), 1377-99.\nHeckman, J. (1979). Sample selection bias as a specification error. Econometrica, 47 (1), 154-61.\nHeckman, J., and X. Li. (2004). Selection Bias, Comparative Advantage, Heterogeneous Returns to Education: Evidence from China in 2000. Pacific Economic Review, 9 (3), 155-171.\nHarmon, C. and Walker, I. (1995). Estimates of the economic return to schooling for the United Kingdom. American Economic Review, 85(5), 1278-86.\nHu, Feng, Xu, Zhaoyuan, Chen, Yuyu (2012).Circular migration, or permanent stay? Evidence from China’s rural-urban migration. China economic review, 22, 64-74\nInmaculada Garcı´a-Mainar, Vı´ctor M. Montuenga-Go´mez (2005). Education returns of wage earners and self-employed workers: Portugal vs. Spain. Economics of Education Review, 24, 161–170\nLee, L. (2012). Decomposing wage differential between migrant workers and urban workers in urban China`s labor market. China Economic Review, 23(2), 461–470.\nLi, H. (2003). Economic transition and returns to education in China. Economics of Education Review, 22, pp. 317–328.\nLi, Haizheng and Zahniser, Steven (2002). The Determinants of Temporary Rural-to-Urban Migration in China. Urban Studies, 39(12), 2219–2235, \nLiu, P., Meng, X., & Zhang, J. (2000). Sectoral gender wage differentials and discrimination in the transitional Chinese economy. Journal of Population Economics, 13, 331–352.\nLiu, Z. (1998). Earnings, Education and Economic Reforms in Urban China. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 46(4), 697-725.\nMagnani, E., & Zhu, R. (2012). Gender wage differentials among rural–urban migrants in China. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 42(5), 779–793.\nMeng, X (2012). Labor Market Outcomes and Reforms in China. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 26(4), 75-102\nMeng, X. and Zhang J. (2001). ‘The two-tier labor market in urban China: Occupational segregation and wage differentials between urban residents and rural migrants in Shanghai. Journal of Comparative Economics, 29, pp. 485–504.\nPsachaporoulos, G. (1994). Returns to investment in education: A global update. World Development, 22, pp. 1,325–1,344.\nRis, C. (2001), Unobservable heterogeneity in wage equations: application to the Ivorian manufacturing sector. Document de Recherche 2001-6, Centre de Recherches Economiques de l’Universite´ de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne.\nRong Zhu (2015). Heterogeneity in the economic returns to schooling among Chinese rural-urban migrants, 2002-2007. Economics of Transition, 23(1), 135-167.\nShi, Xiaoping, Heerink, Nico, Qu, Futian (2007). Choices between different off-farm employment sub-categories: An empirical analysis for Jiangxi Province, China. China Economic Review, 18, 438–455\nWang, L. (2013). How does education affect the earnings distribution in urban China? Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 75, 435–454.\nWang, X., Liu, C., Zhang, L., Luo, R., Glauben, T., Shi, Y., et al. (2011). College education and the poor in China: Documenting the hurdles to educational attainment and college matriculation. Asia Pacific Education Review, 12(4), 533–546.\nWei, X., Tsang, M. C., Xu, W. and Chen, L. (1999). Education and earnings in rural China. Education Economics, 7, pp. 167–187.\nWright, R. (1999), The rate of return to private schooling. IZA Discussion Paper No. 92, Institute for the Study of Labor, Bonn.\nZeng, X. (2004). A study on the effects of human capital in informal labour market with rural migrant workers in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province as an example. Chinese Rural Economy Monthly, 3, 34–38.\nZhang, H., Ouyan, H., & Jiang, W. (2004). Developing migration of rural labour forces as a strategic industry — A finding report from Sichuan and Guizhou Provinces. Chinese Rural Economy Monthly, 1, 28–33.\nZhang, J., Zhao, Y., Park, A. and Song, X. (2005). ‘Economic returns to schooling in urban China, 1988–2001. Journal of Comparative Economics, 33, pp. 730–752.\nZhao, Yaohui (1999). Leaving the Countryside: Rural-To-Urban Migration Decisions in China. American Economic Review, 89(2), 281–286.\nZhu, N. (2002). The impacts of income gaps on migration decisions in China. China Economic Review, 13, 213–230.\n莊奕琦、楊孟嘉 (2012)。 中國農民工與城鎮勞工之薪資差異與歧視。 人文及社會科學集刊， 26(4)， 525-553。\n王梅 (2012) 。「最低工資與中國勞動力市場」。中國經濟出版社。 | 描述: | 碩士 國立政治大學 經濟學系 101258009 |
資料來源: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1012580092 | 資料類型: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | 學位論文 |
Files in This Item:
| File | Description | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 009201.pdf | 1.37 MB | Adobe PDF2 | View/Open |
Google ScholarTM
Check
Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.