論民事上歧視禁止規定的證立可能性

Abstract

本文的主要目的在於探討民事上歧視禁止規定在現代民法體系中可否證立的問題，也就是說民事上歧視禁止規定對於建立在私法自治與契約自由之上的現代民法來說是否是一個無法相容的異物？認為民事上歧視禁止規定是無法證立的理由主要有二：其一，因其主要目的在於實現分配正義，而分配正義的實現並不是現代民法的任務；其二，這樣的規定是混淆法律與道德的界限，是一種強迫性道德的法律化。而本文則試著指出，分配正義的實現也是民法的任務之一，而且民事上歧視禁止規定的明文化也沒有混淆法律與道德的問題。民事上歧視禁止規定其實意味著一種以平等限制自由來確保自由的想法，而這是現代民法或契約法的發展趨勢或未來。This study aims to discuss whether the civil antidiscrimination program is justifiable in the contemporary civil legal system. In other words, is the civil antidiscrimination program incompatible with the contemporary civil legal system—a system established in the principle of private autonomy and contract freedom? Some believe that the said program cannot be justified due to the following two reasons: 1. While the goal of the program is to realize distributive justice, such aim is not within the domain of contemporary civil law. 2. The program is unable to distinguish law from moral. In this study, it is argued that one of principal missions which contemporary civil law aims to complete is to achieve distributive justice. Furthermore, the alleged inability to distinguish law from moral is both nonexistent and ungrounded. The very essence of civil antidiscrimination program is that to achieve justified freedom, it is necessary to impose certain restrictions based on the concept of equality. Such program is consistent with the development trend of the modern civil law.