1950年代臺灣的日本出版品進口管制初探

Abstract

本文藉由近年開放的政府檔案，探討過去較少被完整爬梳的日本出版品進口管制體系，藉以了解戰後臺灣如何控制外來資訊的流入，以及面對日本所展現的矛盾態度。對中華民國政府而言，在戰後混亂的情勢中，防堵外來危險事物進入臺灣成為當務之急，可能蘊藏顛覆訊息的出版品成為管制對象，其中來自日本的出版品既充斥著左派思想，對國共報導有不利政府的描述，擁有廣大日文閱讀人口的臺灣將繼續依賴日本出版品，不僅阻礙國語運動的推行，亦有害民族精神的培育，因此日本出版品成為1950年代之後中華民國政府積極管制進口的對象。本文的發現有二。首先，本文疏理管制體系不同時期的樣態與變動的背後原因。從戰後至中日斷交依主事機關的不同可概分為三期，分別展現嚴格管制、略為放寬，以及組織重整強化的歷程。制度變動的原因源自中華民國政府不同時期的統治思惟，亦與雙方外交冷熱密切聯繫。從先期為了防堵資訊而成立龐大系統，到後期簡化機構，並注意戰時軍管體制與平時統治機構的權責，反映了政府由注重排除殖民思想的「國民建設」，開始有餘力進行組織合理化、強化機關職能的「國家建設」。其次，本文認為戰後中華民國對日本定位存在基本矛盾，在應當批判的前殖民母國和應多加交流的冷戰伙伴之間游移不定。歷史因素與現實政治表現，使得政府始終對日本及曾受其統治的臺灣人深感疑慮，對日本出版品一直欲迎還拒。日本出版品進口實為內部文化統合、組織重整、對外交涉與反映臺灣特殊統治情況的多重議題。

This article focuses on the import control system of Japan publications to understand KMT’s governance about foreign culture and the ambivalence about Japan by recently released archives. For controlling Taiwan, it’s important to suppress the inside objections and clear the outside dangerous information out of the new governed land, and the Japan publications is one of the most dangerous information objections, which include Marxist thought and the news about Chinese Civil War different with KMT. Japan publications also are read by many Taiwanese, and that would impede the Mandarin Promotion Movement and nation’s spirit. For the reason above, Japan publications are controlled severely from 1950s. There two points in this article. First, this article surveys the control system of Japan publications. From 1945 to 1972, the control system can be separated by three periods, and it shows the periods of controlling severely, controlling relaxation and organization reform. The reason\nabout the change of the control system is the different ruling strategies in different time and related to the foreign relation with ROC and Japan. KMT built a huge scale control system in early 1950s, and reform the organization from 1960s officially. It shows the governance strategy has\nbeen changed from “nation building” to “state building.” Second, this articles points out the ambivalent attitude about Japan from KMT. For history reason and political activities, KMT cannot make sure Japan as a cold war ally or a pre-colonist. KMT suspects Japan and Taiwanese who has been ruled by Japan for fifty years, and accepts Japan publications in outward but rejects in essence. The import control system of Japan publications is the problem of multi topics about internal culture integration, organization reform, foreign negotiation and Taiwan’s special history.