推特上的心理語言：世界各宗教的比較

Abstract

根據美國民調機構皮尤研究中心(Pew Research Center)所做的統計，2010年全球69億的人口中有84%的人是具有宗教信仰的。其中，所信仰的宗教依信眾人數多寡來排名分別為基督教(Christianity)、伊斯蘭教(Islam)、印度教(Hinduism)、與佛教(Buddhism)。在過去的宗教心理學與神經科學研究中，討論多著重於有無宗教信仰對心理狀態與行為的效益。舉例來說，有宗教信仰者因社交而有較高的生活滿意度(Lim & Putnam, 2010)，且若接受宗教訊息的促發(religious priming)，可減少主觀的疼痛感受(Wiech et al., 2008)，並產生更多利社會行為(Shariff, Willard, Andersen, & Norenzayan, 2016)。然而，較少研究去比較不同宗教對於社會性(sociality)與情緒調節(emotional regulation)的影響是否有所差異。因此本研究想要定量地去探討：四大宗教信仰是否能同樣有效地增進個體的社會性及情緒調節？In 2010, according to Pew Research Center, 84% of the 6.9 billion people around the world were religious (Pew Research Center, 2012). The religion with the most believers was Christianity, followed by Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism. Past research on psychology and neuroscience of religion has focused attention on benefits of religiosity on mental processes and behaviors compared to irreligiosity. For example, religious people were more satisfied with their lives because of more social interaction (Lim & Putnam, 2010), and when primed with their religion, they felt less painful (Wiech et al., 2008) and engaged in more pro-social behaviors (Shariff, Willard, Andersen, & Norenzayan, 2016). However, few research studies discussed the effects of different religiosities on sociality and emotional regulation. The present study thus aimed at quantitatively discerning the similarities and differences of religious effects on sociality and emotional regulation of the four biggest religions on Earth.