台灣華語身體部位詞詞彙結構與語意表現–以臉/面、眼/目、嘴/口為例

Abstract

人皆由其身體部位所組成。我們藉由身體部位與外在世界互動交流。我們透過眼睛觀察，藉由嘴巴交談，經由他人面貌辨別其身份。根據我們自身的身體經驗，我們常透過身體部位來表達許多抽象的概念。有關身體部位詞轉喻與隱喻的語言表現在各國語言都能找到，它們常用來表達抽象的概念，像是性格、情緒與特質。英文常用save face來表達「顧及某人的尊嚴」，而中文也有類似的用法，如：保全面子。(Yu，2002) 關於身體部位詞轉喻與隱喻語言表現的研究一直都很豐碩。根據身體部位詞的轉喻與隱喻分析，學者們發現身體部位詞的語言表現不僅會以身體經驗還有心理認知為基礎，還與文化有密切的關係。(Tsai，1993 ; Yu，2002 ; Hung & Gong，2011)Body parts are everything that human beings are made of and are keys to human existence in spatial and temporal domains. We depend on our body parts to interact with the outside world. For instance, we perceive through eyes, speak through mouths, and recognize others through their faces. Based on our embodied experiences, we also employ body parts to express abstract ideas. Metaphoric and metonymic expressions containing body-part terms are pervasively found cross-linguistically to express concepts such as personality, emotion, and quality. In English, people often use the linguistic expression - “save face” to mean “save one’s own dignity or self-respect”, and a similar expression- bao3quan2-mian4zi3保全面子 (keep intact-face) is also found in Mandarin Chinese (Yu, 2002). Prolific findings based on systematic cognitive networks have been proposed for the analysis of metaphoric and metonymic expressions with body-part terms. Focusing on the classification and the operating mechanism of the body-part metaphoric and metonymic expressions, they suggest that metaphoric and metonymic expressions not only have bodily and psychological basis but also convey some cultural-specifics (Tsai, 1993; Yu, 2002; Hung & Gong, 2011).