日本區域創新之產業群聚政策研究—產官學合作模式的觀點—

Abstract

隨著全球化發展，多數先進國致力於建構有効的創新模式，並試圖藉由提昇產官學合作之精實度，活化國家研發技術能量之發展與運作，以期獲得市場競爭優勢。然而，宣言實行「科學技術創造立國」的日本，縱然於第二次世界大戰後，藉由國家創新系統中之產、官、學、研四大要素，成功地發展為世界經濟強國，但，90年代初期面臨泡沫經濟及長期景氣停滯，日本政府才意識到國家創新體系中的元素不足以因應環境的大變革，因此積極地推行大學教育改革及發展大學的創投事業，並由經濟產業省推動「產業群聚計劃」，藉由該計劃之推動，整合城鄉、地域經濟資源，以地域經濟深化產官學網絡，進而提升各地中小企業之競爭力，冀求提昇國家總體競爭力與活化地域經濟。Along with the globalization development in the world, most developed countries endeavor to construct efficacious innovation model, and attempt to enhance the leanness of Industry-Government-Academia cooperation, activate the development & operation of national research & development technology capability, so as to obtain the competitive advantage in the market. However, Japan, who proclaims to practice 「Nation-building on Creation of Science and Technology」, through the 4 critical factors of Industry-Government-Academia-Research in National Innovation Systems, successfully became a great economic power after World War II though. Nevertheless, Japan confronted the economic bubble and long-term economic stagnation in early ‘90s, The Government of Japan was aware that the factors in National Innovation Systems are not enough to be in response to the revolutions of the environment, and therefore aggressively carrying out the reformation of university education and developing the venture capitals of universities, and drive「Industrial Clusters Plans」through Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.