中文小說西譯之文化範疇翻譯策略

Abstract

翻譯學研究之文化轉向(cultural turn)肇始於上個世紀80年代，自90年代始最為蓬勃與明顯，後續諸多新興之翻譯理論皆是在此理論基礎上衍生而來。Susan Bassnett 和André Lefevere 合著之Constructing Cultures: Essays on Literary Translation(1998)，以及Lefevere 編攢的Translation/ History/ Culture: A Sourcebook (1992)為翻譯學的文化研究訂定基礎，提供精且扼要的詮釋。翻譯研究領域對於文化議題的重視，直接影響以Theo Hermans 為首發表聲明的操縱學派，屏除原文至上的傳統觀念，帶來具體且創新的探討 題材。不同於字句與原文對應的傳統規則，文化轉向令翻譯研究涵蓋更為廣泛且客觀。本計劃原設定為三年期計劃，研究目標為中文小說西譯本的文化範疇處理策略。研究文本為中文小說及其西文直譯本：中文書籍直譯為西文之文本，是為篩選語料的首要原則；選取由中文直接翻譯為西班牙文的作品，方可排除中間譯本干擾的可能性。計劃通過為一年期, 在時間與資源有限的條件下, 探討的子議題如下: 1. 翻譯研究文化範疇之分類與適用性； 2. 中文小說西譯之主要文化焦點； 3. 中文小說文化範疇西譯之翻譯技巧與模式； 4. 中文小說文化範疇西譯的誤譯類別及成因。 此研究計劃之貢獻與價值為中文小說文化範疇西譯之探討與分析，較傳統翻譯研究的語言學學派更為積極探討翻譯語境，為翻譯分析提供更為多元的詮釋空間。 The start of the cultural shift in terms of translation researches could be dated back to 1980s. Since 1990s, the phenomena have become salient and significant, with all the deriving translation theories. For instance, the Constructing Cultures: Essays on Literary Translation (1998) co-authored by Susan Bassnett and Andre Lefevere or the Translation/ History/ Culture: A Sourcebook (1992) written by Lefevere are both the foundation stones for the cultural researches in the translation field, both of which serve as concise guidelines. The emphasis on cultural issues in translation directly influences the Manipulation School, led by Theo Hermans, which shifts the emphasis from the original texts to cultures and which brings concrete and novel topics to be discussed. The new school brings the researches into a different level, focusing on culture and abandoning the traditional focus on the study of the original texts and their corresponding translated ones. This proposal is originally a three-year research plan setting out to study the strategies for the cultural category in the Spanish translations of Chinese novels. It will focus on the Chinese novels and their corresponding direct translation versions in Spanish, i.e. those texts that are directly translated into Spanish, which are the main principles of choosing the linguistic data. One of the reasons to choose the direct translation lies in excluding the interruption of a medium translation text. Because the proposal is only approved for one year, given the limited time and resource, the sub-issues covered are as follows: 1. the categories and adaptabilities of the cultural shift in translation research 2. The cultural focus of the Spanish translation of Chinese novels 3. The translation techniques and methods of the Spanish translation of Chinese novels 4. The categories of the errors of translations and their causes of Chinese novels The value of this study lies in the discussion and analyses of the cultural aspects in Spanish translation of Chinese novels. It will not only provide a wider translation contexts than the traditional schools but also offer more diverse interpretation space.