李登輝時期我國國家安全的建構與挑戰

Abstract

美國前國防部長布朗(Harold Brown)曾對國家安全下過一個定義:「國家安全是一種保存國家物資和領土完整，在合理的條件上維持其與世界其他地區之經濟關係;保護其國家特性、制度，和統治不受外力擾亂，以及有效控制其國界的能力。」布朗所體認的國家安全，實已經包含國家的政治、經濟及軍事制度，並擴張到國際關係的層面。國內學者紐先鍾先生在界定國家安全時特別重視「對抗威脅」，他說：「國家安全是國家利益受到威脅時，對抗各種威脅所採取的有效措施。」沒有威脅就沒有安全問題，而安全是人類基本需求，故安全一旦形成「問題」就要立即加以對抗克服之。 \n本論文是要探討1996年李登輝時期對國家安全的建構與挑戰，自1995年「江八點」與「李六條」的提出，兩岸看似一片和諧，但之後因李登輝訪美所引起的1996年台海危機及1997年「特殊國與國論」認同「台灣是主權獨立國家」，所引起的國家安全威脅，探討我國國家安全的建構與挑戰，從1987年7月台灣地區奉總統令解除戒嚴，人民開始正式享有憲法第14條結社自由權利，各種意識型態之黨派如雨後春筍般出現。接著1996年5月動員勘亂終止，這段期間顯然是我國邁向現代化國家的重要轉型期，政治制度與法治規範在變革，國家安全制度的調整是其中的焦點，爭論最多，各黨派著力也最多。但絕大多數的意見，是期盼我國的國家安全制度能合乎現代民主理念，使我國從一個「開發中」國家，轉型成為「已開發」國家。

Former US Defense Minister Harold Brown has defined a state of national security: "National security is a way of preserving national goods and territorial integrity, maintaining its economic relations with the rest of the world on reasonable terms; protecting its national identity, System, and domination from external forces, as well as the ability to effectively control their borders. "Brown`s national security, which has already included the country`s political, economic and military systems, has expanded to the level of international relations. "National security is an effective measure against threats when national interests are threatened," he said, adding that "national security is an effective measure against threats." There is no security problem without security, and security Is the basic needs of mankind, so the security once the formation of "problem" will immediately be confrontation to overcome.\nThis paper is to discuss the construction and challenges of national security in the period of the Lee Teng-hui period in 1996. Since the introduction of "Jiang eight points" and "Li Six point" in 1995, the two sides seem to be in harmony, The Taiwan Strait crisis in 1997 and the "special state and the country" in 1997, "Taiwan is a sovereign independent country", caused by the national security threats, to explore China`s national security construction and challenges, from July 1987 in Taiwan by the President ordered the lifting of martial law , The people began to formally enjoy the Constitution of Article 14 freedom of association, a variety of ideology of the parties have mushroomed. And then in May 1996 to mobilize the end of the investigation, this period is clearly an important transition period towards China`s modernization of the country, the political system and the rule of law in the reform, the national security system adjustment is one of the focus, the most controversial, the parties work most. But the overwhelming majority of the views are that our country`s national security system can conform to the modern democratic ideology and transform our country from a "developing" country into a "developed" country.