公部門職業選擇：以公共服務動機做為調節變項

Abstract

本研究主要探討考生或公共行政相關系所及一般大學高年級學生（大學三、四或研究生）在目前社會氛圍下，影響其報考公職意願之因素，經以公務人員工作保障、公務人員形象、公務人員年金改革方案接受程度等為自變項，公務門職業選擇意願為依變項，公共服務動機為調節變項，瞭解其報考公職的關鍵因素。本次以立意抽樣及便利抽驗方式並搭配網路等方式選取樣本。\n研究發現公務人員的工作穩定仍是民眾報考公職的重要因素、公務人員的正面形象有助於提升報考意願以及瞭解年金改革方案甚至認同政府改革方向之考生，會提升其報考意願。經將公共服務動機及公務人員年金改革方案接受程度以其次構面分析，發現對制定國家公共政策有興趣、喜歡分享公共政策看法的人或因制定政策而使他人獲得利益而產生成就感者，則其公部門職業選擇意願越高；具有公共利益承諾高的受測者而言，即對制定公共政策有興趣者或喜歡與他人分享公共政策看法者，會增強其接受公務人員年金改革方案的程度；對認為職責優先於個人或願意承擔個人損失去幫助他人的人而言，在公務人員年金改革方案接受程度對公部門職業選擇意願造成影響之情形下，自我犧牲高者，更認同年金改革方案，反之不認同。\n本研究認為相關單位在建立公務人員執業之形象上，可透過考試科目與職系說明書裡的工作內容做對照分析，考試制度除了筆試之外，可加入面試或心理測驗，以瞭解報考公職者之報考動機，有助於拔擢真正有意願從事公職服務或真正具有專業能力的人，並開辦與業務相關之專業訓練課程，提升公務人員業務能力，以營造公務人員專業形象。建議後續者針對公務人員年金改革對公部門職業選擇進行實務研究。

This study mainly explores factors that influence potential public servants’ willingness to choose public services as their career with the current social ethos. Job security and quality of public work, image of public servants, and acceptance of the civil service retirement system reform are adopted as the independent variable. In addition, public service motivation (PSM) is hypothesized as a moderator variable between the previous independent variables and public career intention. Purposive and convenience sampling, along with the use of online survey, are conducted in this study to collect data.\nAs a result, the study demonstrates that the stability of civil service remains the most important factor for the career choice. The positive image of public servants would help to improve the willingness to apply for public service. Also, people who understand or even agree with the public pension reform would increasingly attempt to work in the public sector. Through analyzing the PSM dimensions and the degree of acceptance of civil service retirement system reform, it is also found that those who are interested in formulating public policies or sharing their viewpoints would be more likely to choose public service as a career. Those who have the higher public interest commitment, interested in developing public policy or sharing with others, would enhance their acceptance of civil service retirement system reform program. For those taking the public precedence over the individuals, or those willing to take personal loss to help others, the higher the self-sacrifice, the higher degree of their acceptance to the public pension reform, and vice versa.\nThe research results imply that the government could establish the career image of civil servants through the comparative analysis of national examination subjects and job contents. In addition to written examinations, the government could introduce face-to-face interviews or psychological tests to understand potential public servants’ PSM and select those who are actually willing to engage in public service or have professional competence. Moreover, proper training courses should be provided to help public servants enhance professional capacity and build professional image of civil servants. Future studies may aim for practical research on the influence of the civil service retirement system reform on the intention of choosing a public service career.