第二語言使用者運用夠用就好的表徵進行語句處理

Abstract

本文旨在探究第二語言使用者在進行語句處理時，他們的母語背景、外語熟練度以及普世共享的處理模式如何影響他們的語句處理。本研究探究了漢語母語、以及兩種語言類型迥然相異的英語以及日語母語者使用漢語作為第二語言的使用者在進行四種頻率不盡相同的漢語及物句：主動賓句、把字句、無主詞的把字句以及主題句，而且這些及物句配對著假動詞以及句式中的名詞均具有生命性時，上述的三種主要因素如何影響他們進行語句處理。研究結果發現，所有的漢語使用者均運用夠用就好的表徵，也就是將第一個名詞當成施事、第二個名詞當成受事的表徵進行處理。夠用就好表徵的運用造成了漢語使用者在理解前三種漢語及物句時有類似的表現，然而，漢語使用者的母語以及第二語言使用者所具有不同的漢語的熟練度對於他們處理不符合這種表徵的主題句時，造成了語句處理上的表現有所不同。

Second language learners’ (hereafter L2ers) first language backgrounds, exposure to L2 input, and cross-linguistically common patterns often play a vital role in their construction of grammatical representations in L2 acquisition. The current study investigates how these factors exert an impact on native speakers from typologically different Mandarin Chinese, English, and Japanese in their comprehension of four types of Mandarin transitive constructions: the SVO, the ba-, the subjectless ba-, and topicalization constructions with pseudo verbs, every one of which has its respective frequencies when the animacy cue is neutralized. The results indicate that all of these language users use a good-enough representation that treats the first noun as the agent in grammatical processing, the NVN strategy. Employment of this representation leads to a similar performance for all but the topicalization construction, regardless of the construction frequencies. L1 backgrounds and L2 input exert impact on topicalization, which is non-canonical in Mandarin, apart from the NVN strategy.