漢儒、書賈與作家：論《棠陰比事》在江戶初期之傳播

Abstract

日本因與中國一海之隔，其對漢籍的需求，在利益驅使下所塑成的跨海出版文化，呈現出中國書籍與日本文化書寫關係。在此之中，法律相關漢籍因可作為幕府或藩校立法、教育之參考而大量引進，其中尤以宋朝案例集《棠陰比事》最為人所知，並經由文學創作與書肆刊印，為江戶人民喜愛。故本篇欲從最初江戶幕府對此書之關注，至第一部以仿作之名刊行的日本文學作品《本朝櫻陰比事》為止，以仲介者角度出發，論述此段時期《棠陰比事》是如何經由漢儒、民間作家以及歷來研究中較為人忽略的書坊主之手，從一部艱澀難懂之漢籍成為江戶家喻戶曉之流行作品。文中首先分析江戶初期大儒林羅山（1583-1657）與幕府對《棠陰比事》傳播之貢獻;其次就現存可見江戶書籍出版目錄，觀察《棠陰比事》於京都、江戶二地之實際販售情況;最後以大坂作家井原西鶴（1642-1693）《本朝櫻陰比事》為中心，從與合作書肆之互動，探討《棠陰比事》於江戶通俗化之轉變，了解漢籍在江戶傳播之際，京都、江戶、大坂三都書肆於其間所啟作用。

As Japan and China are divided by sea, in the past Chinese books were sold to Japanese by Chinese merchant ships as a commodity, and this overseas publishing culture created by the business sales shows the relationship between Chinese books and culture writing of Edo Japan. Among these imported books, a large number of Chinese casebooks were introduced to the Shogun and Military Governor schools for the used of legislation and education. And among these casebooks, T`ang-yin-pi-shih 棠陰比事 was the most well-known one, and the rewriting and publishing of this book demonstrates its popularity and common people’s interests in it. This paper aims to examine how this Chinese casebook, originally difficult for the most common people in Japan, could be turned into a more popular version in the Edo Japan by a Japanese Confucian Hayashi-razan 林羅山, and a publisher and writer Ihara Saikaku 井原西鶴. I will mainly focus on the following three points. First, I will analyze the contribution of the Confucian Hayashi-razan 林羅山 and the Shogun for the spread of T`ang-yin-pi-shih. Second, the Edo book publishing catalog will serve as a reference material for the research of the actual sales situation of T`ang-yin-pi-shih in Kyoto and Edo. Third, there will also be an analysis on Hon chou o in hi ji 本朝櫻陰比事, which was written by the Osaka author Ihara Saikaku, in order to illustrate how T`ang-yin-pi-shih became popular in the Edo Japan and the role played by bookstores in Kyoto, Edo and Osaka for the promotion of Chinese books.