原住民籍立法委員的代表取向與問政行爲：1993-2008之法律提案內容分析

Abstract

自代議政治興起，代表角色定位的理論與爭議便如影隨形，與民主政治的發展相始終。在規範面，普遍認知代表應當以國家整體利益爲優先，但在實務面，民選代表的政治生命之延續仰賴選舉連任與否，因此其角色會擺盪在極端的選區利益代理人和極端的全國利益受託者之間。而以台灣爲個案之相關研究，則普遍發現立委在國會當中的立法與選區服務，都有連任的選舉考量，而較傾向扮演選區利益的代理人。不過前述研究發現，均是以立法委員整體作爲研究對象所得出的。有鑑於此，本文嘗試延伸既有研究成果，聚焦於我國國會結構當中特殊的功能性代表設計，即原住民籍立委，以其代表取向與問政行爲爲研究對象，透過實證資料的分析，來探討渠等的代表型態是泛原住民族群取向、選區取向，抑或是特定族群取向？並與原住民立委選舉制度的未來改革方向做初步的連結討論。同時，也將探討代表型態對於渠等的問政行為有何政治影響？\n研究發現指出：\n1. 原住民籍立委會受到選舉競爭影響，傾向積極回應選民利益。但這個「選民」並非「選區選民」，而是廣義的「原住民選民」。換言之，是以泛原住民族群的整體代表自居。這突顯現行選區劃分的荒謬與不實際，而與原民社會脫節。因此，現行憲法增修條文當中對於原住民選區劃分的規定有修正之必要。\n2. 原住民事務行政層級的提升，以及原住民運動轉型爲民族運動，是刺激立委立法積極度與引導立法提案方向的最重要因素。\n3. 原住民立委所屬的選區與政黨對其提案內容性質與數量有相當程度影響。山地原住民與無黨團結聯盟（含無黨籍）立委立法積極度最高。\n4. 個別立委之間的立法積極度差異極大，排名前十者之提案量佔總數的93.3%。而渠等之提案內容側重於原住民教育、原住民地區經濟建設、原住民自治權利、原住民土地所有權及自然資源管理權，以及回饋與補償等五個類目。

This research focuses on representative orientations and representative behaviors of Taiwan`s indigenous legislators. By analyzing the contents of their proposed bills (1993-2008), the researcher would like to answer the following questions. Do these indigenous legislators represent their respective constituencies? Or they speak for the all Taiwan`s indigenous peoples or just for their own people. If the indigenous legislators do not represent their respective constituencies, the next question is how to demarcate the existing indigenous district system to make the indigenous district system more reasonable and fit indigenous people`s need. Furthermore, this research also would like to discuss the relationship between indigenous representative orientations and indigenous representative behaviors. Moreover, the research want to answer what the crucial factors to affect indigenous legislators` representative behaviors are.\nThe research findings are as following:\n1. Affected by electoral competition, the indigenous legislators tend to respond to ”electorate`s interest”. However, to these indigenous legislators, the referred ”electorate” is not confined to the voters registered in their respective constituency but all indigenous voters. In other words, Taiwan`s indigenous legislators regard themselves as the representative of the all indigenous peoples.\n2. The establishment of Council of Indigenous Peoples and the tramformation of Indigenous Social Movement are two crucial factors to affect indigenous legislators` representative behaviors.\n3. The numbers and contents of the bills proposed by indigenous legislators are highly affected by the political parties and the constituencies they belong to. Mountain indigenous legislators are more active than Plain-land indigenous legislators and indigenous legislators elected from proportional representation system. Furthermore, the legislators of Non-Partisan Solidarity Union are more active than other political parties`.\n4. 93.3% of the bills are proposed by 10 indigenous legislators, which emphasized on indigenous education, economic development in indigenous area, autonomy of indigenous peoples, reserved land ownership and natural resource management, and compensation.