台灣政治獻金法及參選人政治獻金資料之實證研究

Abstract

民主國家的政黨或參選公職的人，為了支應龐大政治活動的開銷，接受外界的金錢捐款早已不足為奇。重要的是，民主國家會研擬政治獻金相關法今，以規範捐獻的透明化與公開化，避免金權政治對民主體制所造成的負面影響。我國「政治獻金法」在各界的努力催生下，於2004年總統大選前二日，終於在立法院正式三讀通過。而這部「政治獻金法」的相關規範，自第六屆立法委員選舉開始，便成為我國規範政治獻金收受與使用的最高準則。準此，本文除細就條文重要規範外，並以該屆區域立委參選者為對象，彙整監察院公告之政治獻金資料，分析參選人獲得捐款多寡的背景要素。其中除了各參選人的黨派、性別、年齡、學歷、連任等因素外，並將他們的選區特徵納入分析。在統計模型方面，雖然國外相關研究顯示獻金型態呈現「設限資料」(censored data)的偏態分佈而多採下端受限的Tobit模型，但本文依據台灣法今的特殊規定，提出台灣獻金資料呈現雙尾設限(two-tail censored)的分佈型態，故另採所謂的雙受限Tobit模型(Two-Limit Tobit)加以比較。

It is not surprise to see the parties and candidates in a democracy need the donations and fundraising to support the campaign activities and expenses. What is more important for a democratic country, to prevent the negative influence of money politics, is to make the regulation to legalize the transition of political contributions. In Taiwan, The Political Contribution Act was finally passed in March 2004 and started to implement for the legislative election in the end of same year. Based on the political contribution data collected for this election, this paper tries to find the factors that influencing the candidates to attract donations. In addition to several characters from the candidates themselves, including party affiliation, education and inclemency, this paper also finds district matters. Since the contribution data in Taiwan is featured with two-tail truncated distribution, Two-Limit Tobit is applied for the analysis.