財政分權的非意圖結果──論中國大陸非稅資金的興起

Abstract

本文探討市場化轉型時期中國大陸非稅資金的議題。文中指出，官方公布的非稅資金數據被嚴重低估，因為其中並不包括土地出讓金，經調整後發現非稅收入在地方財政中的角色至關重要。第二，非稅資金的興起，內生於分權改革所形成的政府間財政制度安排和產權制度。對非稅資金的追求使地方政府行為趨向「企業化」，進而使地方公共支出與項目排序之間的關係發生逆轉現象。

The purpose of this paper is to explore the issue of non-tax funds in transitional China, including its institutional infrastructure and its impact on local government behavior. By adding land revenue, the paper recalculates the underestimated local government non-tax funds. The rise of non-tax funds stems from central-local relations and the property rights system which formed decentralized reform. The pursuit of nontax funds impels local officials to make money passionately and ignore the priorities of government spending.