再生能源政策在地實踐之探討：以高雄市推動屋頂型太陽光電為例

Abstract

氣候變遷與能源安全驅動了新一波的能源轉型，發展再生能源更成為其中的關鍵方向。同時，如何使得能源議題的思考與因應，得以銜接整體社會與在地脈絡的觀點，更為契合在地民眾的需求，提升社會的接受度，已成為學界與政策實務關切的重要課題。本文以高雄市推動屋頂型太陽光電為例，聚焦於以下討論：台灣再生能源政策推動與實踐歷程中，面臨到哪些「在地脈絡」的挑戰？對於現行的能源治理模式帶來哪些影響？本文首先回顧再生能源在地實踐與能源轉型等相關文獻，梳理出能源科技在地化議題的重要面向。其次，以太陽光電為例，回顧台灣整體再生能源政策歷程與產業發展概況，以及當中所呈現產業發展與推廣策略之間的關鍵矛盾。接著，透過高雄案例經驗，檢視屋頂型太陽光電應用的在地化歷程與困境，並反映出台灣長期在整體再生能源發展上所呈現的技術與決策思維，與未來能源系統轉型與治理創新的重要性。本文發現，過時的建築法令規範、建築型態的複雜性、民眾生活慣習、申辦流程的繁瑣、以及財務配套與整合機制不足等因素，削弱了民間參與設置太陽光電的誘因，使得再生能源的在地實踐面臨了多重挑戰。此外，中央政府再生能源推動策略、能源決策與治理模式、也會影響再生能源在地實踐的成效與路徑。

Climate change and energy security have become a driving force for recent energy transitions. Many countries have recognized the importance of developing renewable energy to diversify the sources of energy supply. Public acceptance of renewable energy technologies and solar energy, in particular, has been widely acknowledged as one of the major issues in the adoption process so as to incorporate overall social needs with views from the local community. This paper attempts to answer the following questions: What are the challenges emerging from the local context during the implementation process? What are the major factors in influencing the design and implementation of the rooftop solar PV policy in Kaohsiung, one of the model cities in generating solar power? Apart from reviewing the development of the renewable energy policy in Taiwan, this paper discusses the limits and challenges of existing energy governance and institutional arrangement. The study finds that the outdated building codes, the complexity of architectural style, lifestyles, the amount of red tape involved, and the lack of a financial mechanism could hinder the development of local renewable energy. In addition, the central government’s policy for renewable energy, energy governance and decision-making would affect the praxis of local renewable and development paths.