數位音樂著作權之探討—以Podcast為例

Abstract

Podcast的魅力在於藉由網路的傳播，使得許多小眾的意見，能以極低的成本和技術門檻取得發聲權，是一種標榜個人化、分眾化的媒介。一個具有爭議的問題是Podcast此類型的廣播在使用上，因為他本身的特質，無論是錄製者或訂閱者，很容易在不自覺的情況下，於非合理的使用下侵犯到著作權，而這也是目前Podcast面臨且需要注意的問題。\nPodcast酷似收音機廣播的播放型態，可將節目從網際網路下載到電腦或數位音樂播放器，但這種作法也讓其他製作Podcast節目的DJ都已一腳踏入了法律的灰色地帶。故本研究將探討此類新型態的個人廣播Podcast製作時，在涉及音樂的使用上，是否會牽涉到相關著作權或音樂版權問題，從Podcast之製作和訂閱者角度出發，檢視不同的Podcast使用端，如果在非合理使用範圍下，可能侵犯哪些著作權範疇，此外，也將進一步將其與P2P運作形式做一比較，釐清二者運作形式和於著作權法上的可能觸法之處。

There is a general recognition of the development of Podcast recently. Podcast can be seen as a new kind of personal and grassroots media. The greatest charm of Podcast is that it facilitates demassifying communication, people can easily broadcast and express their opinions via internet. A recent debate on Podcast is its usage of personal broadcast that the publisher or subscriber may easily infringe copyright in an unaware situation. The development of Podcast usage and its impact on copyright related issues deserves detailed elaboration in this paper.\nThe publish/subscribe model of Podcast is a version of push technology, in that the information provider chooses which files to offer in a feed and the subscriber chooses among available feed channels. The consequence of this exchange results in blur of copyright declaration. This paper aims at first exploring the copyright issue of Podcast usage when Podcasters produce their programs. Secondly, the usage and operation differences between Podcast and P2P will be compared. Finally, this paper will discuss the future development of Podcast and policy implication for Podcasters, industries, and legislative institutes will be suggested.