西班牙當代偵探小說中的文化他者、記憶及社會批判

Abstract

羅倫索‧希爾瓦(Lorenzo Silva, 1966)，崛起於九0年代末期，他於一九九八年出版長篇小說《有池塘的遙遠國家》(El lejano país de los estanques)，此後以男女警官盧本‧貝比拉克華(Rubén Bevilacqua)及維基妮亞‧洽摩洛(Virgina Chamorro)為主角創作了一系列偵探小說，是當今西班牙相當暢銷且備受好評的新世紀硬漢偵探小說家。希爾瓦曾因二000年出版《缺乏耐性的煉金術者》(El alquimista impaciente)榮獲該年度的Premio Nadal之首獎，而開始受到文壇的青睞，又於二0一二年以《子午線的記號》(La marca del meridiano)獲得Premio Planeta的小說大獎。這一系列以男女警官搭配、合力辦案的偵探小說，不僅扭轉昔日警界貪污、濫用權威的負面形象，塑造了警界專業、尊重司法及崇尚正義的清新形象，也呈現九0年代西班牙性別政治的多元化，突顯西國女性進入職場的勇氣與智慧，尤其是女性邁入傳統上賦予陽剛特質的警界安檢機構。 本年度研究試圖分析羅倫索‧希爾瓦如何以犯罪及社會批判為主題，將以《缺乏耐性的煉金術者》、《霧與侍女》(La niebla y la doncella, 2002)及《子午線的記號》為例，詮釋以男女警官貝比拉克華及洽摩洛為主角的一系列偵探小說。透過文本的分析，我們將探討作者如何運用文本相互指涉(intertextuality)的技巧，拼貼美式硬漢偵探小說、大眾文化、學院派文化的元素，藉以批判當代西班牙社會所面臨的問題，例如：毒品販賣、娼妓、人口販賣、經濟犯罪、移民等相關課題，反映人生的踰越複雜面貌。

Lorenzo Silva (1966), who came to prominence in the late nineties, is considered as one of the most successful and highly acclaimed crime writers in contemporary Spain. His first detective novel, El lejano pais de los estanques, was published in 1998 with the debut of the Guardia Civil agents Sergeant Ruben Bevilacqua and his young assistant Virginia Chamorro, two of Silva’s best known characters in the crime series. Silva was primarily recognized by the critics for his second detective novel of the series, El alquimista impaciente, which also won the Nadal Prize in 2000. In 2012, Silva was awarded the Premio Planeta de Novela for La marca del meridiano. The series featured by the mixed couple of investigators who intend to work together to deal with criminal cases not only has changed the negative image of corrupt and authoritative police predecessors, but also has shaped a new image of police institution with professionalism and respect for the justice. Furthermore, the series has shown the diversity of gender politics in Spain, highlighting Spanish women’s courage and wisdom while entering into the labor world, especially the police institution and security agencies traditionally dominated by masculinity. The present research project aims to analyze the themes of crime and social criticism in El alquimista impaciente (2000), La niebla y la doncella (2002) and La marca del meridiano (2012) as representative texts of the Bevilacqua series. Through textual analysis, we will study how Silva uses the technique of intertextuality to trace the allusions and references to classic American novels and films in the hard-boiled tradition, popular and high cultures with the purpose of examining and criticizing certain social problems occurred in Spain, such as drug trafficking, prostitution, human trafficking, economic crime, immigration, etc., so as to reflect upon the complex and transgressive life patterns.