因應彈性、自我清晰程度對於心理適應之影響：不同性傾向的調節效果

Abstract

過往關於同志與身心健康的研究，多著重在此身分所帶來的負面影響。本研究採取不同的觀點，探索同志族群可能的韌性，檢驗主／客觀因應彈性（韌性的行為面）以及自我清晰程度（韌性的內在面）對於正負向心理適應的影響，以及性傾向在此關係中所扮演的調節效果。兩個研究皆以調查法收集不同性傾向者（主觀與客觀）的因應彈性、自我清晰程度、憂鬱程度（負向心理適應指標）與生活滿意度（正向心理適應指標）。研究一的壓力事件為參與者自陳其近期壓力事件，研究二的壓力事件則是研究者指定給予參與者去做評量。兩個研究皆發現，客觀因應彈性與憂鬱程度、生活滿意度無關；自我清晰程度越高者，其憂鬱程度越低，且性傾向未調節以上結果。不過，性傾向則調節了自我清晰程度與生活滿意度間的關係。同志族群的自我清晰程度越高、生活滿意度也會越高；異性戀者則無此關係。研究二則發現主觀因應彈性越高，其憂鬱程度越低、生活滿意度越高；然而主觀因應彈性與正、負向心理適應之間的關係，不會受到不同性傾向的調節。兩個研究結果幫助我們瞭解主觀因應彈性、自我清晰程度與心理適應之間的關係，以及此關係在不同性傾向者身上的面貌為何。

Lesbians, gay men, and bisexual (LGB) individuals are often observed to have poorer psychological adjustments than heterosexual individuals. I adopted a different approach to explore potential strengths in being LGB individuals by testing the impacts of objective/subjective coping flexibility and self-concept clarity on positive and negative psychological adjustments, as well as how sexual orientation may moderate these relationships. Two survey studies in this thesis measured objective/subjective coping flexibility, self-concept clarity, depression and life satisfaction among people with different sexual orientations. To measure objective coping flexibility, participants reported their recent stress events in Study 1, and were given specific stress events to respond in Study 2. The two studies showed that objective coping flexibility was not associated with depression, nor with life satisfaction, whereas self-concept clarity was associated with depression negatively. Sexual orientation did not moderate the above findings. Sexual orientation did moderate the relationship between self-concept clarity and life satisfaction: Self-concept clarity was associated with life satisfaction positively among LGB individuals, but this association was not significant among heterosexual individuals. Study 2 showed that subjective coping flexibility was associated with depression negatively and with life satisfaction positively. Again, sexual orientation did not moderate the above finding. These findings further our understanding regarding objective and subjective coping flexibility, self-concept clarity and psychological adjustments among people with different sexual orientations.