精神障礙者職業抉擇歷程與復元

Abstract

目前國內針對精神障礙者就業相關文獻，主要著重於就業影響因素。因此，本研究以復元統合模式為架構，探究精神障礙者在職業抉擇歷程裡有哪些影響因子以及其與復元之關係。本研究為理解精神障礙者如何解讀自己曾經歷的職業抉擇歷程，採半結構訪談之方式訪談七位具有多年就業經驗的精神障礙者，研究結果如下：\n1.精神障礙者職業抉擇影響因素包含：\n(1)個人因素：清楚身體現況、過去就業經驗、職業倦怠。\n(2)家庭因素：家人促進職涯發展情況與家人阻礙職涯發展情況。\n(3)非正式支持因素：朋友與宗教組織提供就業資訊與建議。\n(4)工作環境因素：交通、工作穩定性、職場友善度、工作機會。\n(5)正式支持因素：就業服務單位協助轉介、就業服務員之協助。\n(6)社會大眾汙名化：雇主對於精神障礙者的不友善、民眾對於精神障礙者的偏見與歧視、疾病自我汙名化。\n2.職業抉擇歷程與復元：從受訪者的生命故事裡得知精神障礙者的求職之路蜿蜒迂迴，呼應復元是一個來來回回的過程。而本研究發現雖然工作動機並不一定影響精神障礙者的職業選擇，但在復元過程裡是重要激發強健心理能量的來源。本研究亦看到生涯成熟度對於精神障礙者職業選擇的影響。\n3.精神障礙者就業與復元：精神障礙者在參與工作的過程裡，會發展個人策略及尋求相關資源協助，從而增強工作效能。而穩定就業讓精神障礙者得以提高生涯自主性、開始關注生活品質，及具有回饋社會的能力，這都是一種復元的展現。\n最後，研究者結合上述研究結果與復元統合模式，嘗試繪製出精神障礙者職業抉擇與復元統合模式之關係，並提出本研究限制與建議，提供精神障礙者、精神障礙者之家屬、服務提供者和政策制定者。

This research has based on the unity model of recovery to explore the factors affecting career choice of people with mental disorder, as well as to illustrate the relations between these factors and one’s recovery. Departing from domestic correlational literature that mostly underlines the factors impacting employment of people with mental illness, this study aims to shed new light on this research area by employing the framework above. Thereupon, semi-structured interviews are conducted with 7 interlocutors of multi-year working experiences to establish elaborated understandings of their self-narratives on the career choice process. The findings are:\n1.Factors influencing the career choice of people with mental illness are as follows: \n(1)Personal factor: including clear understanding of personal health condition, past employment experiences, and occupational burnout.\n(2)Family factor: varied conditions where family members may be encouraging or discouraging in one’s career development. \n(3)Informal supporting factor: such as employment information and advices from friends or religious organizations. \n(4)Work environment factor: including transportation convenience, job stability, workplace friendliness, and job opportunities.\n(5)Formal supporting factor: referral from employment service providers, assistance from employment service officers. \n(6)Public stigma: such as antagonistic attitudes received from employers, prejudice and discrimination from the public, and even more, self-stigma one experiencing. \n2.Career choice process and recovery: From the life stories disclosed by the interlocutors, their twist-and-turn paths toward employment could clearly be seen, echoing that of the recovery “is not a perfectly linear process”. Although work motivation might not be the determining cause of their career choice, it is crucial for inciting mental strength during recovery process. Furthermore, this research has also demonstrated the influence of career maturity towards career choice of people with mental disorder. \n3.Employment and recovery: During their participation in employment, people with mental illness would develop personal strategies and seek for assistance from related resources in order to thrive at work environment. Moreover, stable employment aids one’s recovery in many ways, such as promoting one’s career autonomy, instilling life qualities, and also strengthening one’s potential to give back to the society. \n In accordance with the findings mentioned above, this study has made an attempt to depict the relations between career choices of people with mental illness and the unity model of recovery. Lastly, research limitations along with suggestions for further research are subsequently raised, in the hope of serving as a reference for them with mental illness, their families, mental health services providers, and policy makers.