禮儀與實踐：一貫道表愿文所呈現天人之約的意義

Abstract

本文乃透過一貫道各類之表文與愿文的內部禮儀文獻，探討一貫道道親藉由表、愿文之儀式，建立「與天之約」的天人關係。一貫道認為表文乃上天的旨意，交付世人執行，故其神聖性乃重在天意而非人意；「愿」文則重在個人修道宏道的願力，乃個人與天的承諾，故其著重於自發力，而非他力。當今臺灣一貫道內部最常見的表文有所謂三表之說，即：陽表、陰表、結緣表，此三表都象徵著上天救渡眾生的苦心。愿文基本上分為兩類，一類為提升道親成為之點傳師天職時所用，一類則是修道過程時所用。表愿文在一貫道的重要性與信仰意義，象徵著宗教人的修行歷程與各個階段不同的身分與責任。表愿文在一貫道禮儀中的信仰意義，表現在一貫道極為重視之天命金線的宗教身分認同上，而其實踐意義，則表現在懺悔、謝恩與立愿之中，由於一貫道強調踐行的重要性，故其行愿乃具體實踐於渡化眾生的使命之中。當今一貫道之所以傳遍全球，成為華人宗教的典範，表愿文之「與天之約」的宗教儀式，其所賦予之信仰的動力與實踐力，實值得學者關注。

The study is based on the ritual text of Biao-Wen（表文）and Yuan-Wen（愿文）in I-Kuan Tao and to research how believers make the contract relationship with God. I-Kuan Tao`s believers thought the Biao-Wen is God`s intention and believer practice it, the sacred of Biao-Wen built on God`s asks not people`s opinions. The point of Yuan-Wen is people make their wish to preach Tao, their wish built on the contract with God by themselves not the other reasons. There are 3 kinds of Biao-Wen of I-Kuan Tao in Taiwan that Yang-Biao(陽表), Yin-Biao (陰表)and Jie-Yuan-Biao(結緣表),the 3 paternosters symbol God`s mercifulness that to save all souls in the universe. There are 2 kinds of Yuan-Wen in I-Kuan Tao, one is to promote someone to be a pastor and the other one is for believers` to make their decisions to contribute I-Kuan Tao in their life. The importance and significance of Biao-Wen and Yuan-Wen means believer have the different from identifications and responsibilities in their various producer of cultivate Tao in their life. The faithful meanings of Biao-Wen and Yuan-Wen are appeared on religious identification in divine providence. The religious practice meanings are appeared on repentance, thankfulness and decide to contribute Tao. I-Kuan Tao has developed the worldwide religion today, and became the paradigm in Chinese popular religions. In this study, we could find the key point is the paternosters of Biao-Wen and Yuan to improve believers to practice their religious faith.