食品詐欺相關法制研究

Abstract

食品科技推陳出新，食品跨國貿易頻繁，隨之而來的食品安全爭議也層出不窮，尤其食品詐欺雖然看似千百年來的老問題，但手法與引發的影響卻可能隨著時空環境變遷而有所不同，既有食品安全法規能否應付新興的食品詐欺行為，就顯得重要。\n\n然而，並非所有食品詐欺案件都會引發食品安全問題，以「是否危害人體健康」作為違反食品安全的唯一判斷標準來評價食品詐欺所侵犯的法益，恐怕有所侷限，因為食品詐欺，尤其是經濟性的攙偽假冒，未必會危害人體健康，卻會挑戰管理食品產業秩序的穩定性、消費者權益與社會信任。\n\n《食品安全衛生管理法》所要保護的法益應該是多重的，而非單一只有國民健康，也應包含消費者的資訊安全、國民文化價值的維護、食品產業秩序的穩定等多元價值。釐清食品安全與食品詐欺的差異，而非僅以「危害人體健康」作為構成食品犯罪與否的唯一判斷標準，才可能有效以食安法處置食品詐欺。

Food fraud is an ancient problem, its influence and tactics may change with time. \n\n Economically motivated adulteration (EMA) of food, also known as food fraud, is the intentional adulteration of food for financial advantage. Not all of the EMA cases trigger food safety problems. EMA may not cause health risk but will threaten consumers’ protection, social trust, and stability of food industry. \n\n In order to minimize the negative impact on consumers, businesses, human health and economy, the purpose of the Act Governing Food Safety and Sanitation should be multiple, not limited in maintain human health. Otherwise the effective combat of food fraud cannot be realized.