俄羅斯聯邦聯邦制度的改造

Abstract

\"俄羅斯聯邦的聯邦制度經過蘇聯的解體，國內少數民族的獨立運動與地方的分離風潮，在兼顧反映不同利益、地方自主要求與國家統一的情勢下，再透過歷史的經驗法則，創造出不同於其它聯邦制國家的特殊聯邦制度。\r\n這套聯邦體制在俄羅斯渡過1990-1994國家主權分崩離析的危機以後，隨著經濟與法治改革的進程，其中央與地方分權的概念逐漸的受到挑戰。要求一個強而有力的中央政府以執行國家權力與責任逐漸形成一種社會氣氛。普亭藉著就任伊始之際，發布一系列的命令並提交一套重要的聯邦法律案已對現行的聯邦制度進行改造，並回應社會的要求。雖然最後結果尚難評斷，但必然對俄羅斯聯邦的憲政體制造成新的風貌。\" \"With the collapse of the USSR the independence movements of the minorities in Russia have become more active in order to reflect the assertion for local autonomy and the requirements of national unification, Russia has created a special federal system different from other federal countries.\r\nRussia survived the crisis of sovereign unity during 1990-1994, but the concept of power distribution between the central government and the local authorities was challenged with the process of economic and judicial reforms. Societal needs have led to requests for a powerful central government to execute the national powers and duties. Immediately after his inauguration, President Putin issued several decrees and proposed a set of important federal bills to improve the existing federal system. Although the final results are unclear, it must lead to a new form of constitutional system.\"