Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/118711
題名: 印尼反恐政策 : 研究分析與探討
Indonesia´s Counterterrorism Policies: An Analytical Framework
作者: 薛芝蘭
Sevcikova, Petra
貢獻者: 李瓊莉
Lee, Chyungly
薛芝蘭
Sevcikova, Petra
關鍵詞: 印尼
印度尼西亚
恐怖主义
反恐
保安
Indonesia
Terrorism
Counterterrorism
Security
日期: 2018
上傳時間: 17-Jul-2018
摘要: 長時間以來,包含印度尼西亞在內,全世界不斷受到恐怖主義威脅。 巴厘島爆炸後,印度尼西亞幾乎每年都有襲擊事件發生。 甚者,從敘利亞返回印度尼西亞的聖戰分子情況亦正加劇。 本文旨在介紹印度尼西亞的情況,討論印度尼西亞的反恐政策,特別關注與東盟,澳大利亞和美國的國際合作。合作集中在这些主要领域 - 法律,金融,军事和情报,双边协议和社会交流。 描述這些政策的弱點以及提出印度尼西亞政府如何更有效地減少恐怖分子襲擊該國的風險的建議。
Terrorism worldwide has been a threat for quite long time. Indonesia is not an exception. Since the Bali bombing in 2002, there are attacks happening almost every year. The situation now is getting even more serious with the jihadists that are returning from Syria back to Indonesia. The purpose of this thesis is to introduce the situation in Indonesia and discuss Indonesia´s counterterrorism policies with a special focus on its international cooperation with ASEAN, Australia and the United States. The cooperation concentrates on these main fields – Legal, Finance, Military and Intelligence, Bilateral Agreements and Social Communication. The weaknesses of these policies are described as well as some suggestions that outlines how Indonesian government could do better in order to reduce the risks of terrorist attacks in the country.
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Retrieved May 29, 2018 from http://jakartaglobe.id/news/govt-lawmakers-rush-pass-terrorism-bill-attacks-east-java/\nGov`t to Arrange Reconciliation Meeting Between Former Terrorists and Attack Survivors (2018). Retrieved May 20, 2018 from http://jakartaglobe.id/news/govt-arrange-reconciliation-meeting-former-terrorists-attack-survivors/\nGrothaus, N. (2011). Types of Terrorism. Retrieved April 12, 2018 from http://handofreason.com/2011/featured/types-of-terrorism\nGuerra, G. (2017, June). Indonesia/Philippines/Malaysia: Agreement on Patrolling Shared Maritime Border. Retrieved October 15, 2017, from http://www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/indonesiaphilippinesmalaysia-agreement-on-patrolling-shared-maritime-border/\nGunawan A., (June, 2017). Medan attack perpetrators want to steal weapons for next terrorist operations: Police. Retrieved April 7, 2018 from www.thejakartapost.com/amp/news/2017/06/26/medan-attack-perpetrators-want-to-steal-weapons-for-next-terrorist-operations-police.html\nGunawan A., (June, 2017). Medan Police attackers linked to IS: Police. Retrieved April 7, 2018 from www.thejakartapost.com/amp/news/2017/06/26/medan-police-attackers-linked-to-is-police.html\nGutierrez, N. (2016). How an ex-jihadist thinks Indonesia can deradicalize terrorists. Retrieved May 17, 2018 from https://www.rappler.com/world/regions/asia-pacific/indonesia/bahasa/englishedition/119625-jihadist-deradicalization-jakarta-attacks\nHajek, A. (August, 2017). Od výbuchu plynu po řežbu v Cambrils. Teror v Katalánsku krok za krokem. Retrieved April 1, 2018 from https://zpravy.idnes.cz/barcelona-cambrils-teroristicky-utok-prehledne-chromologie-prz /zahranicni.aspx?c=A170819_142820_zahranicni_aha\nHalim, H. (2016). Interpol to discuss IS at Bali assembly. Retrieved June, 2018 from http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/11/07/interpol-to-discuss-is-at-bali-assembly.html\nHalim H., (June, 2017). Police closely monitor Syria returnees after IS-linked attack in Medan, Retrieved April 7, 2018 from www.thejakartapost.com/amp/news/2017/06/28/police-closely-monitor-syria-returnees-after-is-linked-attack-in-medan.html\nHaryani, S. (n.d.) The Indonesia and Australia Counter-Terrorism Cooperation: Comparison between Megawati Soekarnoputri and Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono Government. Retrieved March 24, 2018, from http://journal.unair.ac.id/filerPDF/2008%204%208%20COUNTER-%20TERRORISM%20COOPERATION%20INDO-AUSTRALIA_umm%E2%80%A6.pdf\nHavlicka, K. (August, 2017). Odborník: Španělé už odhalili desítky spiknutí, útok byl otázkou času. Retrieved April 1, 2018 from https://zpravy.idnes.cz/rozhovor-miroslav-mares-utok-v-barcelone-cambrils-fw4-/zahranicni.aspx?c=A170818_085032_zahranicni_kha\nHawley, S. (2017). Concerns Indonesia may become recruitment ground for young IS radicals. Retrieved May 2, 2018 from https://thenewdaily.com.au/news/world/2017/08/08/indonesia-recruit-islamic-state-radicals/\nHays, J. (2008). Police and vigilantism in Indonesia. Retrieved June, 2018 from http://factsanddetails.com/indonesia/Government_Military_Crime/sub6_5b/entry-4067.html#chapter-8\nHincks, J. (2018). Indonesia Suffers Its Worst Terrorist Attack in a Decade. Here`s What to Know About the Latest Wave of Violence. Retriever May 26, 2018 from http://time.com/5275738/indonesia-suicide-bombings-isis-surabaya/\n`I don`t want to wake up without him next to me`: Heartbroken wife of US man killed by Barcelona terrorist reveals he stepped away for bathroom break while at cafe on their honeymoon when he was run down. (August, 2017). Retrieved April 1, 2018 from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4805900/Wife-man-killed-Barcelona-terrorist-speaks-out.html\nIndonesia: Attackers kill police officer in Medan. (2017, June 25). Retrieved March 30, 2018, from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/06/fighters-kill-police-officer-medan-attack-170625083320169.html\nIndonesia blocks Telegram messaging service over security concerns. (2017, July 14). Retrieved September 26, 2017, from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-indonesia-security-apps/indonesia-blocks-telegram-messaging-service-over-security-concerns-idUSKBN19Z1Q2\nIndonesia bomb leaves eight dead (December, 2005). Retrieved April 15, 2018 from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4570912.stm\nIndonesia: Counterterrorism Law Changes Threaten Rights. (2017, July 13). Retrieved October 15, 2018, from https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/07/12/indonesia-counterterrorism-law-changes-threaten-rights\nIndonesia: Criminal Law. (1992). Retrieved November 17, 2017, from http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-6357.html\nIndonesia: Extremism & Counter-Extremism. (2017, August 16). Retrieved March 17, 2018, from https://www.counterextremism.com/countries/indonesia\nIndonesia Lifts Threat to Ban Encrypted App Telegram. (2017, August 01). Retrieved October 15, 2017, from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-08-01/indonesia-lifts-threat-to-ban-encrypted-app-telegram\nIndonesia: Mass prisoner escape points to bigger problem. (2017). Retrieved May 10, 2018 from https://asiancorrespondent.com/2017/05/indonesia-prison-breakout-bigger-problem/#tb4xWuL2pQSgaTQj.99\nIndonesia Military Expenditure (n.d.). Retrieved May 20, 2018 from https://tradingeconomics.com/indonesia/military-expenditure\nIndonesia passes anti-terror law. (2003, March 07). Retrieved November 14, 2017, from https://www.thestar.com.my/news/regional/2003/03/07/indonesia-passes-antiterror-law/\nIndonesia passes two anti-terror decrees. (2002, October 18). Retrieved March 26, 2018, from http://edition.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/southeast/10/18/indonesia.antiterrorism.laws/\nIndonesian police declare cleric key suspect in 2016 attack (August, 2017). Retrieved March 29, from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/ap/article-4812150/Indonesian-police-declare-cleric-key-suspect-2016-attack.html\nIndonesian police find ISIS propaganda targeting children (2017). Retrieved May 3, 2018 from https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/indonesia-police-find-isis-propaganda-targeting-children\nIndonesian Police`s Detachment 88. (n.d.). Retrieved October 27, 2017, from http://indonesiaeliteforces.tripod.com/id37.html#\nIndonesia police say Jakarta attackers had planned to attack other cities. (January, 2016). Retrieved March 29, 2018 from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/reuters/article-3402377/Indonesia-police-say-Jakarta-attackers-planned-attack-cities.html\nIndonesia proposes `mini-Interpol` plan to boost ASEAN counter-terrorism efforts (2017). 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President Widodo calls for Indonesian military to play bigger role in counter-terrorism. Retrieved May 23, 2018 from https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/president-widodo-calls-for-indonesian-military-to-play-bigger-8893302\nJackson, R. (2015). Security, Democracy, and the Rhetoric of Counter-Terrorism. Retrieved April 25, 2018 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240954547_Security_Democracy_and_the_Rhetoric_of_CounterTerrorism\nJakarta attacks in busy area filled with Western brands (January, 2016). Retrieved March 29, 2018 from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/ap/article-3398797/Jakarta-attacks-busy-area-filled-Western-brands.html\nJakarta Declaration on Violent Extremism and Religious Education: A calling to unite against extremism (n.d.). Retrieved May 15, 2018 from http://www.id.undp.org/content/indonesia/en/home/presscenter/articles/2017/12/jakarta-declaration-on-violent-extremism-and-religious-education.html\nJawaid, A. (2017). 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(2008). A Typology of Terrorism. Retrieved March 27, 2018, from https://ssrn.com/abstract=1460938\nKarp, P. (2017). Australia and Indonesia announce restored defence cooperation. Retrieved May 3, 2018 from https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/feb/26/australia-and-indonesia-announce-restored-defence-cooperation\nKeating surprises with Indonesia pact (n.d.). Retrieved May 13, 2018 from https://www.sbs.com.au/news/keating-surprises-with-indonesia-pact\nKlicnar, F. and Havlicka K. (August, 2017). Byl to výkřik bláznů, s muslimy problém nebyl, říkají Češi z Barcelony. Retrieved April 1, 2018, from https://zpravy.idnes.cz/barcelona-utok-cesi-komentare-atmosfera-turismus-fva-/zahranicni.aspx?c=A170818_152310_zahranicni_kha\nKoga, K. (2014). Institutional transformation of ASEAN: ZOPFAN, TAC and the Bali Concord I in 1968-1976. Retrieved March, 2018 from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09512748.2014.948566\nLaw of the Republic of Indonesia Number 35 About Narcotics. 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Police may get more money after Mako Brimob riot. Retrieved May 29, 2018 from http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/05/09/police-may-get-more-money-after-mako-brimob-riot.html\nRambatan, B. (January, 2016). As Isis attacked Jakarta, I didn’t know how to react. Retrieved March 28, 2018 from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/jan/14/isis-attacked-jakarta-afraid-fear-humour-terrorism\nRazak, I. (2018). Survivors meeting ex-terrorists to make up? Easier said than done. Retrieved May 20, 2018 from http://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2018/02/10/commentary-survivors-meeting-ex-terrorists-to-make-up-easier-said-than-done.html\nRemarks by the president of the Republic of Indonesia on the occasion of the 36th anniversary of the association of the Southeast Asian Nations (2012). Retrieved February, 2018, from Association of Southeast Asian Nations website: http://asean.org/?static_post=remarks-by-the-president-of-the-republic-of-indonesia-on-the-occasion-of-the-36th-anniversary-of-the-association-of-southeast-asian-nations-asean\nRenaldi, A. (2017). Indonesia`s Jails are Notoriously Over-Crowded. But an `Open Prison` Isn`t the Fix We Need. Retrieved May 12, 2018 from https://www.vice.com/en_id/article/kz7d9e/indonesias-jails-are-notoriously-over-crowded-but-an-open-prison-isnt-the-fix-we-need\nRenaldi, A. (2017). Terrorists Are Falling Through The Cracks of Indonesia`s Deradicalization Program. Retrieved April 27, 2018 from https://www.vice.com/en_id/article/jpnm88/terrorists-are-falling-through-the-cracks-of-de-radicalization-program\nSafi, M. and Weaver M. (January, 2016). Jakarta attacks: Islamic State militants claim responsibility – as it happened. Retrieved March 28, 2018 from https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2016/jan/14/multiple-explosions-gunshots-reported-in-jakarta-rolling-report?page=with:block-569728f8e4b0c7c2ceb9fa54\nSafitri, I.K. (July, 2016). Polisi Tetapkan 3 Tersangka Bom Bunuh Diri di Solo. Retrieved April 17, 2018 from https://nasional.tempo.co/read/791508/polisi-tetapkan-3-tersangka-bom-bunuh-diri-di-solo\nSapiie, M.A. (2016). BNPT asks for budget increase in 2017 for more counterterrorism programs. Retrieved May 21, 2018 from\nhttp://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/04/14/bnpt-asks-for-budget-increase-in-2017-for-more-counterterrorism-programs.html\nSapiie, M.A. (2018). Jokowi agrees to revive Koopsusgab special forces. Retrieved May 27, 2018 from http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/05/18/jokowi-agrees-to-revive-koopsusgab-special-forces.html\nSebuah Gereja di Palu Dibom (December, 2004). Retrieved April 15, 2018 from https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/91713/sebuah-gereja-di-palu-dibom\nSilalahi, L. 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Retrieved March 23, 2018, from https://digital.law.washington.edu/dspace-law/bitstream/handle/1773.1/681/14PacRimLPolyJ743.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y\nSmith-Spark, L. (August, 2017). Deadly Barcelona attack is worst in a day of violence in Spain. Retrieved April 2, 2018 from https://edition.cnn.com/2017/08/17/europe/barcelona-las-ramblas-van-hits-crowd/index.html\nSoeriaatmadjam, W. (2017). Indonesia strengthens anti-terror unit Retrieved May 3, 2018 from http://www.tnp.sg/news/singapore/indonesia-strengthens-anti-terror-unit\nStamboel, K.A. (2014). Indonesia’s Bureaucracy: From Reform to Transformation. Retrieved May 19, 2018 from http://wa.ipaa.org.au/content/docs/IPAA2014/resources/presentations/14d/Indonesia_sBureaucracyReform2014.pdf\nState-Sponsored Terrorism (2003). Retrieved April 12, 2018 from www.encyclopedia.com/books/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/state-sponsored-terrorism\nStorey, H. (2017). Rocky road: A short history of Australia and Indonesia’s relationship, and the way forward. Retrieved March, 2018, from https://www.youngausint.org.au/single-post/2017/01/25/Rocky-road-A-short-history-of-Australia-and-Indonesia%E2%80%99s-relationship-and-the-way-forward\nStrang, R. (2008). ”More Adversarial, but not Completely Adversarial”: Reformasi of the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code. Retrieved December 26, 2018, from https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2191&context=ilj\nSudarto. (2012, May 23). Manajemen krisis dalam penanggulangan terorisme. Retrieved September 22, 2018, from https://www.kemhan.go.id/2012/05/23/manajemen-krisis-dalam-penanggulangan-terorisme.html\nSuicide Bomber Attacks Indonesian Police During Prayer (April, 2011). Retrieved April 15, 2018 from https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/suicide-bomber-attacks-indonesian-police-during-prayer\nSukma, R. (n.d.). Indonesia´s security outlook, defence policy and regional cooperation. 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Retrieved April 2, 2018 from https://www.benarnews.org/english/news/indonesian/jihad-selfie-05052015145345.html\nTransparency International (2018). Corruption Perceptions Index 2017. Retrieved June, 2018 from https://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2017\nTypes of Terrorism and Their Linguistic Techniques and Strategies (n.d.). Retrieved April 13, 2018 from https://www.freeprojecttopics.com/projects/linguistics/types-terrorism-linguistic-techniques-strategies/\nUNESCO preventing terrorism through education – guide for policymakers (2017). Retrieved May, 2018,from UNESCO website: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002477/247764e.pdf\nVaragur, K. (2016). Ex-Jihadists Try to Curb IS Appeal in Indonesia. Retrieved May 16, 2018 from https://www.voanews.com/a/ex-jihadists-try-to-curb-islamic-state-appeal-in-indonesia/3572693.html\nVaragur, K. (2015). World’s Largest Islamic Organization Tells ISIS To Get Lost. Retrieved April 28, 2018 from https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/indonesian-muslims-counter-isis_us_565c737ae4b072e9d1c26bda\nVictim speaks 10 years after 2005 Bali bombings (2015). Retrieved May 3, 2018 from https://thenewdaily.com.au/news/world/2015/10/01/victim-speaks-10-year-anniversary-2005-bali-bombings/\nWanandi, J. (2002). Islam in Indonesia: Its History, Development and Future Challenges. Retrieved April 23, 2018 from https://doi.org/10.1080/1343900022000036115\nWas wir über den Anschlag in Berlin wissen (December, 2016). Retrieved April 11, 2018 from http://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/zeitgeschehen/2016-12/berlin-breitscheidplatz-gedaechtniskirche-weihnachtsmarkt\nWhat happened at the Bataclan? (December, 2015). Retrieved April 11, 2018 from http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34827497\nWidjaya, J. Y. H. (2007). Counter-terrorism in Indonesia: velvet-glove approach works. Retrieved March, 2018 from https://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/CO07117.pdf\nWilts, A. (2017). Donald Trump says `end of Isis caliphate is in sight` after de-facto capital of Raqqa recaptured. Retrieved May 4, 2018 from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/isis-donald-trump-raqqa-recaptured-syria-end-of-caliphate-in-sight-terror-attacks-threat-latest-a8013196.html\nWulandari, F. (2002). Dark Clouds Hang over Indonesian Tourism after Bali Bomb Blasts Retrieved April 19, 2018 from https://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/dark-clouds-hang-over-indonesian-tourism-after-bali-bomb-blasts\nXialin, M. “Densus 88” Indonesia’s Heroes or Death Squad? (n.d.). Retrieved May 1, 2018 from https://theglobalenquirer.news/2016/04/18/densus-88-indonesias-heroes-or-death-squad/\nYang, J. H. (2013). Counter-terrorism in Indonesia: enter the TNI’s task force. Retrieved March 18, 2018, from https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/handle/10220/20157/RSIS1822013.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y\nZalman, A. (March 2018). Definitions of Terrorism. Retrieved March 26, 2018, from https://www.thoughtco.com/definitions-of-terrorism-3209375\nZalman, A. (March, 2017). Narcoterrorism. Retrieved April 12, 2018 from https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-narcoterrorism-3209253\nZenn, J. (2011). Indonesia’s “Ghost Birds” Tackle Islamist Terrorists: A Profile of Densus 88. Retrieved May 1, 2018 from https://jamestown.org/program/indonesias-ghost-birds-tackle-islamist-terrorists-a-profile-of-densus-88/\nZhou, N. (August, 2017). Timeline of terror in Spain: how Barcelona and Cambrils attacks unfolded. Retrieved April 1, 2018 from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/18/terror-timeline-of-barcelona-and-cambrils-attacks-and-other-terror-raids\n\nJournal articles\nBakker, E. (2012). A Fear Management Approach to Counter-Terrorism. British Journal Of Criminology, 51(1), 75-94.\nHamin, Z., Omar, N., & Rosli, W. R. W. (2016). Airing dirty laundry: Reforming the anti-money laundering and anti-terrorism financing regime in Malaysia. Global Jurist, 16(1), 127-139.\nPok, W. C., Omar, N., & Sathye, M. (2014). An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Anti‐money Laundering and Anti‐terrorism Financing Legislation: Perceptions of Bank Compliance Officers in Malaysia. Australian Accounting Review.\nRamakrishna, K. (2006). "The Southeast Asian Approach" to Counter-Terrorism: Learning from Indonesia and Malaysia. Journal of Conflict Studies, Retrieved March 23, 2018, from https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/JCS/article/view/189\nSpalek, B., & Lambert, R. (2008). Muslim communities, counter-terrorism and counter-radicalisation: A critically reflective approach to engagement. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice.\nZubair, A. A. Q., Oseni, U. A., & Yasin, N. M. (2015). Anti-Terrorism Financing Laws in Malaysia: Current Trends and Developments. IIUM Law Journal.\n\nPress Release\nAustralian Embassy, Indonesia (2010). Australia and Indonesia Undertake Joint Naval Operation [Press release]. Retrieved May 2, 2018 from http://indonesia.embassy.gov.au/jakt/MR10_045.html\nParliament of Australia (2016). Indonesia-Australia Ministerial Council on Law and Security [Press release]. Retrieved March, 2018, from http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22media%2Fpressrel%2F4616532%22\nUnited Nations. (2002, October 25). 1267 Committee Adds Name Of An Entity To Its List [Press release]. Retrieved May 12, 2018, from https://www.un.org/press/en/2002/SC7548.doc.htm\n\nScholarly Project\nAzizuddin, M., Sani, M., & Nadaraja, K. (2012). Cooperation between Indonesia and ASEAN to counter terrorism in Indonesia [Scholarly project]. Retrieved from http://repo.uum.edu.my/2545/1/Seniwati_-_ASEAN-INDONESIA_Counter_Terrorism_Cooperation.pdf\nGalamas, F. (2015). Terrorism in Indonesia: An Overview [Scholarly project]. Retrieved March 13, 2018, from https://www.academia.edu/12647664/TERRORISM_IN_INDONESIA_AN_OVERVIEW\nLindsey, T. (2012). Indonesia`s New Anti-Terrorism Law: Damned if you Do, Damned if you Don`t. [Scholarly project]. Retrieved May, 2018 from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4c19/f842ed12803e4d5ff726185f959e6ff1b606.pdf\n\nThesis\nLinha, M. (2014). Counter-terrorism and social rights: The assessment of adverse effects of counter-terrorism on social rights of families of terror suspects and convicts in Indonesia (Master`s thesis).
描述: 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
105926009
資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105926009
資料類型: thesis
Appears in Collections:學位論文

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