探索中巴關係 : 發展驅動合作？

Abstract

中國日益增長的國際影響力在世界各地引起了極大的關注。透過對中國與巴西雙邊關係的分析，我們可以洞察中國雙邊關係的一個案例，從發展驅動的嘗試開始，協調並發展為全球戰略夥伴關係，並成為巴西在商業流程方面的最大貿易夥伴。\n本研究試圖透過多重領域分析來探討中巴關係，包括經濟、國家利益、身份認同，外交政策，國際法和發展等主題。 實證分析基於兩國關係的分水嶺：首先為巴西歷史上，以建立身份認同為重心的時期；第二個時期為1974年中華人民共和國的國際認可，早期關係與「中巴地球資源衛星計畫」(CBERS)；第三個時期為提升到策略夥伴關係、新的參與者、「中國、巴西高層協調與合作委員會」 (COSBAN) 以及聯合行動計畫；第四個時期為貿易流量、可能的緊張局勢和金磚國家開發銀行。\n本研究結論歸納出，中巴關係隨著時間的推移呈現多樣化的表現，而在經濟方面，則從原本的發展驅動合作關係，逐漸產生變化。針對官方文件和條約的分析顯示，試圖根據國際法制定共同準則的趨勢日益增加，但從政治角度來看，由於會議記錄資料和外交政策皆缺乏更多細節的闡述，因此研究結果未有定論。針對於進一步相關的研究，本文提出兩條途徑：中國在其他雙邊關係案例中的國際法視角以及在中國外交政策中，持續發展的重要性。

China’s increasing international presence has sparked much attention in all parts of the world. The analysis of its relations with Brazil offers insight into one of the cases of China’s bilateral relations, beginning as a development-driven attempt for coordination and evolving to a strategic global partnership and Brazil’s biggest trading partner in amount of commercial flows.\nThis study attempts to make sense of Sino-Brazilian relations by employing a multi-disciplinary analysis of the various factors in order to explore the subject involving economy, national interest, identity, foreign policy, international law and development. The empirical analysis is based on watershed moments in bilateral relations: first, the history of Brazil’s foreign policy with a focus on identity building, second, the recognition of the People’s Republic in 1974, early days of relations and the CBERS, third, the elevation of relations to a strategic partnership, new actors, the COSBAN and the joint action plans, fourth, trade flows, potential sources of tension and the BRICS’ NDB.\nThe conclusion finds that Sino-Brazilian relations have diversified over time and the economic aspect indicates a shift away from the development-driven origins. The analysis of official documents and treaties reveals an increasing trend in the attempt to generate shared norms under international law, but under a political perspective results are inconclusive due to the lack of more details in meetings and elaboration of foreign policy. Two avenues are presented as relevant further studies: the Chinese perspective of international law in other cases of bilateral relations and the growing importance of sustainable development in China’s foreign policy.