內生化市場結構與補貼政策

Abstract

本文建構了在內生化市場結構下的第二代R&D內生成長模型，並在此架構下探討四種不同補貼—最終財生產補貼、中間財生產補貼、內部研發補貼和進入補貼對經濟增長和內生市場結構的影響。\n發現當短期廠商數目固定時，最終產品生產補貼、中間產品生產補貼及內部研發補貼與過去的文獻相同，都會增加經濟增長率；但短期廠商數目固定時，研發部門的進入之價格補貼不會影響經濟增長。而當市場結構內生調整，也就是長期下，最終財生產補貼和中間產品生產補貼將使得廠商進入市場，隨著每家廠商的市場規模降低的負向效果將抵消短期的正向效果，因此對長期經濟增長率沒有效果。另一方面，當市場結構內生調整時，內部研發補貼減少了廠商數目但增加了經濟增長率，而研發部門的進入價格補貼擴大了廠商數目卻降低了經濟增長率。因此，內部研發補貼可能是比其他補貼更好的政策工具，因為它可以刺激長期經濟增長率。

This thesis builds up a second-generation R&D-based growth model featuring endogenous market structure, and uses it to explore the growth effect of four distinct styles of subsidies. The four subsidies this thesis consider include final goods production subsidies, intermediate goods productions subsidies, in-house R&D subsides and entry subsidies. Several main findings emerge from the analysis. First, when the number of firms is fixed in the short run, final goods production subsidies, intermediate goods productions subsidies and in-house R&D subsides will stimulate the economic growth rate. However, entry subsidies are powerless to affect economic growth. Second, when market structure adjusts endogenously in the long run, final goods production subsidies and intermediate goods productions subsidies will increase the number of firms, and this tends to lower economic growth. The induced negative growth effect arisen from a rise in the number of firms just exactly offsets the positive growth effect in the short run, leaving the economic growth rate intact. Third, when market structure adjusts endogenously in the long run, in-house R&D subsidies increase economic growth but decrease the number of firms, whereas entry subsidies expand the number of firms but reduce economic growth. As the result, in-house R&D subsidies is a better policy instrument compared to other subsidies since it can stimulate economic growth in the long run.