緬甸在地非政府組織對少數民族的援助：以克欽族為例

Abstract

就非政府組織的「運作規模」而言，可將其分為「國際」與「在地」的非政府組織。面對緬甸相關問題，儘管國際非政府組織擁有專業與資源上的優勢，卻也有無能為力之時，必須搭配在地非政府組織的力量，甚至形成合作關係，方能更有效率地完成任務。有鑑於在地非政府組織對緬甸的重要性，本文由長期遭受緬甸政府忽視的「少數民族偏鄉發展」議題切入，並以「湄他發展基金會」;「沙龍基金會」與「人民亮光」等從事「克欽族」援助起家的在地非政府組織為例，詳述在地非政府組織與緬甸克欽族的互動情形，及其於克欽邦的活動情況，並從「農業」和「教育」等二個主要層面，剖析在地非政府組織對克欽族偏鄉發展的作為與貢獻。

The “scale of operations” of non-governmental organizations can be divided into either “international” or “domestic.” When dealing with problems in Myanmar, although international non-governmental organizations may hold advantages due to their professionalism and available resources; however, there are still situations where they may feel helpless and will need to rely on the help of other domestic non-governmental organizations or even form a collaborative alliance with them to carry out their activities in a more efficient way. Given the importance of domestic non-governmental organizations in Myanmar, this study will focus on issues related to “developments of remote area with ethnic minorities,” which have been overlooked by the Myanmar government for a long period of time. This study includes case studies on domestic non-governmental organizations that provide aid to the people of Kachin, including the Metta Development Foundation, the Shalom Foundation, and Wunpawng Ninghtoi (Light For The People), with detailed recounts of the interactions between these domestic non-governmental organizations and the Kachin people. Additionally, this study will also focus mainly on “agriculture” and “education,” with analyses of the actions taken by the domestic nongovernmental organizations for the development of remote areas in the Kachin state.