「我和案主在兩個不同的世界裡」：合意性行為青少女自我保護服務之建制民族誌分析

Abstract

Adolescent sexual activity with consent is legally considered sexual assault in Taiwan. According to the law, social workers deliver self-protection services to the teenage girls as ＂victims of sexual assault＂ with the goal of preventing the clients from re-victimization. However, they often experience clients` resistance to self-protection services and then attribute their failures to professional deficiency. This study adopts institutional ethnography, i.e. taking everyday practice of the social workers to examine how the institutional definitions of sexual assault create difficulty between the social workers and their clients, and further it explicates not only the ruling relations that dominate local practice but also the power relations embedded in the self-protection services. The results indicate that reluctance of the clients may be viewed as a confrontation with the institutional logic of gendered categories and governance of teen sex, as defined in legal texts. The social workers have to follow through with institutional norms and complete the institutional requirements of providing ＂protection＂. All the above intensifies the inimical relationship between the social workers and the clients. The social workers have been confined to a role that is an expanded reproduction of social power, and inevitably attempt ＂sexual regulation＂ of the clients. So in effect the self-protection services that intend to empower the clients have deepened their marginalization; ironically, their work has become merely a means for the social workers to protect their job security and professional dignity. Implications of this research for professional practice include granting the social workers more discretionary power and shifting the focus of the professional services to sexuality awareness and relationship management.

青少年合意性行為在台灣被視為「性侵害」案件，強化自我保護能力及輔導正確兩性交往觀念，是後續追蹤社工與遭受「性侵害」青少女個案主要的工作目標。然而，面對個案的「不配合」，社工常歸因於自己專業能力不足。本研究從社工的專業工作和經驗出發，以建制民族誌為研究取徑，勾勒性侵害自我保護建制如何透過文本主導及支配社工的專業行動，使得社工和個案的工作關係難以建立，並說明自我保護工作中的社會權力關係。研究發現青少女個案的真實經驗在性侵害建制中被轉譯，她們的「不配合」是在挑戰性侵害建制邏輯，而此邏輯則是透過文本顯現出來的性別化分類及治理原則。後追社工因「保護性社工」的位置而需要遵循建制的工作規則，完成建制認定的工作；透過建制文本及規訓，社工被綑綁在這個權力關係的複製及擴張，原本意欲充權個案的目標不僅加深個案的邊緣化，自我保護服務亦淪為維護社工工作安全及專業尊嚴的手段，更使社工在與個案的工作中進入「性管制」的位置。專業實務建議包括擴大社工專業裁量權，及以情慾的覺察和情感關係的經營與處理代替防堵式的自我保護服務。