中國互聯網產業人力資源管理者的勞動過程初探

Abstract

近年來，隨著全球化的不斷深入，無論是白領工人還是藍領工人都面臨著勞動條件惡化的問題，並引發了多次勞資爭議。這在互聯網行業中尤為突出。在一次次的勞資爭議當中，人力資源管理者往往被推向風口浪尖，他們的個人道德素養或專業性備受指責。然而，人力資源管理者並不是免受剝削的資本家的寵兒，與其他工人一樣，他們也是「趕工遊戲」中的一員。\n\n那麼，到底是什麼使得人力資源管理者在勞資衝突當中被推向風口浪尖呢？傳統的管理研究堅持人力資源管理的去政治性，因此，他們從人力資源管理者勝任力和管理角色權變的角度分析，把勞資衝突中的矛盾歸因為管理問題。然而，他們忽略了勞資衝突中不平等的階級關係。因而，勞動過程理論提供了一個很好的分析視角來重新審視人力資源管理者在勞動過程中的社會關係。\n\n本文認為，人力資源管理工作的本質是一種剝削的勞動，其目的在於協助資本家無償佔有工人的勞動。與此同時，隨著社會的發展，人力資源管理者變成了受薪勞動者，資本家購買的是人力資源管理者一定時間內的勞動力，因而資本家以剝削生產工人的方式來剝削人力資源管理者。也即是說，人力資源管理者同時處於一種剝削與被剝削的雙重關係中。\n\n因此，本文嘗試運用勞動過程理論，聚焦於互聯網行業，以人力資源管理者所處的社會關係為基礎，討論他們所受到的管理控制和抵抗，以及在這個過程中的主體性呈現，並試圖解答人力資源管理者為何沉迷趕工遊戲以及他們為何順從而沉默地替資本家執行著剝削勞動。

In recent years, with the development of globalization, both white-collar workers and blue-collar workers are facing the deterioration of working conditions, which has caused a series of labour disputes. This phenomenon is particularly noticeable in the Internet industry. In almost every labor disputes, HR managers were always pushed to the center of the labour conflict, being accused of their personal qualities or professionalism. However, HR managers are not the darling of capitalists who can escape from the exploitation. Like other workers, they are also members of the "the making-out game".\n\nSo, what exactly make the HR manager being pushed to the forefront of labor conflicts? Traditional management research insists on the de-political feature of human resource management. Therefore, they analyze the competency an the role of HR managers during the labor conflicts, attributing class contradiction as a management issue. However, they neglect the class relations in labor conflicts. Thus, the labor process theory provides a good perspective to re-examine the social relations of hr managers in the labor process.\n\nAccording to Marx, this thesis argues that the essence of human resources management is a kind of exploitative labor, which aims to assist capitalists to deprive of surplus value of the workers without compensation. Meanwhile, HR managers have become wage earners with the transformation of society. Capitalists purchase the labour force of HR managers for a certain period of time, but for a certain amount of labour. So, they deprive the labour of HR managers in the same methods for the exploitation productive workers. That is to say, HR managers are simultaneously in a dual relationship in exploiting and being exploited.\n\nTherefore, by focusing on the Internet industry, the thesis attempts to use the theory of labor process to discuss the management control and resistance of HR managers during the social relations, as well as re-exam the subjective of them presenting in this process. Further more, I try to answer the questions why human resource managers are addicted to the making-out game and silently performing exploitation work for the capitalists.