將優勢觀點導入老人照顧服務場域之實踐

Abstract

高齡化浪潮下，隨著平均餘命延長，老人照顧成為時興的社會問題，受限於傳統社會對於老人多存有負向刻板化印象，照顧者往往著重於老人身心脆弱性和被動性。本研究旨在將「以案主為中心」的優勢觀點模式管理策略導入老人照顧服務場域，與照顧團隊核心成員協同參與規畫、行動與修正歷程，經過16個月密集行動，探究社工員及照顧服務員對於優勢觀點模式的融合情形，本研究為此行動的紀錄與反思，資料分析上運用現象學方法，深度訪談安養機構照顧團隊核心成員6位，包括4位社工員及2位照服員，年齡介於26~57歲。研究結果歸結出三個經驗主軸，分別為「優勢模式管理策略的影響」、「對優勢模式的體察和想像」、「對於服務老人的影響」，藉此對照社工員和照服員融合優勢觀點模式歷程經驗的實際樣貌。筆者針對研究結果提出討論，進一步分析其差異性，最後依此提出實務上的建議，包括從組織層面及建置照顧專業層面。希藉本篇以行動研究推展優勢觀點模式於老人照顧場域引發更多學術研究的探討，提供老人照顧政策制定者與社會工作實務參考。

Nowadays, due to the prolonged longevity, elderly care has become one of the most important social issues. Influenced by the negative stereotype that exists in our traditional society, caregivers usually focus on elders` physical and emotional vulnerability and passivity. This study aimed at applying strengths model to elderly care and cooperating the workers to participate in planning , actions and revision process, then exploring how well the workers receive the model and how the model affects them. The study recorded and reflected on this action, using phenomenological methods in data analysis, and interviewed six workers at the assisted living facilities, including four social workers and two caretakers, with age ranging from twenty-six to fifty-seven years old. Based on the accounts of the participants, three major themes emerged: the influence and inspiration regarding the management strategy, the perception and imagination of the dominant viewpoint, and the impact on the service of the elderly. The authors contrast the experiences and accounts on the three themes between social workers and caregivers. Finally, practical suggestions were provided, including the aspects of organizational management and the establishment of professional care. We would like to use this action research to promote the utilization of Strengths model in the elderly care and to stimulate more academic research, with a hope that the findings could have implications for policy making and social work practices on this field.