歐洲議會的對外貿易職權暨角色：里斯本條約後之變化

Abstract

本文企圖探討《里斯本條約》生效後，歐洲議會在歐盟對外貿易事務職權及作為之變化，並嘗試透過檢視條約生效初期的實例，研判職權變化所可能帶動之角色變化。在貿易立法方面，由於「一般立法程序」之引進，且適用於貿易事項，賦予歐洲議會與理事會共享貿易立法之法定權力，可望強化其貿易規則「共同立法者」的角色。在貿易談判方面，執委會定期向歐洲議會就談判進度提出報告的義務，由實踐提升為法定義務，可望進一步強化歐洲議會參與談判過程的角色。在貿易協定締結方面，須經歐洲議會同意始得締結之事項大幅增加，將使歐洲議會更可能扮演「締約把關者」的角色。

This article is intended to clarify changes in competence of the European Parliament (EP) in external trade of the European Union (EU) under the Lisbon Treaty. It also attempts to predict possible changes of the EP`s role and conduct in trade resulting from such changes, based on early cases right after the Treaty`s taking effective. It suggests three major areas of changes. First, the introduction and applicability of Ordinary Legislative Procedure (OLP) in trade matters will probably increase the EP`s role of a `co-legislator`. Secondly, as the Commission is required to report progress in trade negotiations to the EP, the latter is likely to increase its participation in trade negotiations. Thirdly, as assent by the EP is required in more cases about trade agreements conclusion, it will probably play a better role of a ＂gatekeeper＂