「氣候變遷與健康調適」科學計畫

Abstract

全球氣候變遷對人類健康造成許多威脅，世界各國政府皆對其衝擊影響及其調適策略極為關注；這不僅是全球性之政策議題，也需要科學方法研究自然環境、人為基礎設施、健康政策等諸多因素，以提出具體有效之可行健康調適策略。因此，本文評析國際趨勢、本土政策需求與科學研究缺口，提出「氣候變遷與健康調適」課題之科學規劃，以期科學研究成果能順利為研擬健康調適策略提供紮實科學基礎，降低氣候變遷對健康衝擊。此科學計畫提出以系統性方法聚焦自然環境、建成環境及健康影響三個系統，並整合性地探討此三個系統之交互作用影響途徑及變項，且由其影響歷程釐清可能介入之健康調適策略。我們提出四大研究方向，一是建立氣候健康衝擊（包含傳染病及非傳染病）之整合性預警模式，二是具有減緩氣候變遷與促進健康之共效益健康調適策略研究，三是新型態氣候變遷與健康調適之衛生教育或健康促進工具發展及策略研究，四是深化本土氣候變遷與健康調適研究之科學能量。同時，強調「以解決問題為導向」跨領域合作以及利害相關人之參與，以解決實務上之困難，確實降低氣候變遷對健康之衝擊。

Evidences have showed that human health are affected by climate change in many ways. Worldwide, governments are concerned about health impacts of climate change and the corresponding health adaptation strategies which should be supported by scientific evidences evaluating the interactions among variables of natural environment, manmade infrastructure, and health status. This paper presents a science plan for ＂Climate Change and Health Adaptation＂ considering the global trend of sustainability science, the policy needs of Taiwanese government, and the gaps of research findings. Systems approach is used to evaluate the interactions among systems of natural environments, built environments, and health impacts; potential health adaptation strategies could be identified by interrupting the influential pathways among them. Four research directions are proposed, namely (1) establishing integrated early warning systems to reduce health impacts, (2) exploring co-benefit strategies for health adaptation and mitigation of climate change, (3) developing strategies of health promotion and health education with new types of scientific tools, and (4) building capacity for ＂climate change and health adaptation＂. Moreover, solution-oriented, stakeholder-engaged, and integrated transdisciplinary collaboration should be encouraged in order to tackle the difficulty encountered in reality and reduce the health impacts of climate change effectively.