菲律賓海域執法對我國海洋政策之影響—以專屬經濟區爭議為例

Abstract

菲律賓為因應來自外部的領土主權及海權衝突，及內部的武裝衝突與恐怖主義等安全環境問題，積極向美國、日本、中國大陸、俄羅斯及韓國尋求海事合作，藉由購買或貸款取得船艇、航空器、武器彈藥等裝備，提升其海上及空中巡弋能量，強化海域執法及國防安全效能。\n由於我國與菲律賓地理位置相近，雙方主張之200浬專屬經濟區重疊，導致海洋權利紛爭不斷，影響我國漁民捕魚權利；此外，菲律賓為確立其主張，更進一步通過《群島基線法》，主張其200浬專屬經濟區，並正式將卡拉揚群島劃入國家管轄範圍內，宣示菲律賓主權及於卡拉揚群島之海床、底土、大陸邊緣與空域，此舉與我國主張擁有南沙群島、中沙群島、西沙群島、東沙群島及南海水域主權之立場相衝突，南沙群島主權爭議因此而生。\n在菲律賓修訂國內法律及提升國防安全能力同時，由於其北方海域與我國主張之專屬經濟區重疊，再以其劃設群島基線並主張專屬經濟區與卡拉揚群島為其領土時，與相關國家之海洋權益相互衝突，便引起我國與中國大陸、越南、馬來西亞、汶萊等周邊國家的抗議，主權、漁權及區域安全等問題，因應而生。

In order to respond to territorial sovereignty and conflicts of sea rights from the outside and internal security issues such as armed conflict and terrorism, the Republic of the Philippines actively seeks maritime cooperation with the United States, Japan, China, Russia and South Korea and acquires equipment such as boats, aircraft, weapons and ammunition by purchasing or lending from those countries so that the Republic of the Philippines can enhance its maritime and air cruise energy and strengthen maritime law enforcement and national defense security effectiveness.\nBecause the Republic of China is geographically close to the Republic of the Philippines, the exclusive economic zone advocated by the two sides overlaps; this leads to continual disputes over sea rights and affects the rights of fishermen in the Republic of China. In order to establish its claim, the Philippines further adopted the Archipelago Baseline Act. and officially put the Karajan Islands into national jurisdiction which conflicts with the Republic of China South China Sea claims. The sovereignty dispute in the Spratly Islands arises.\nThe move that the Republic of the Philippines revises domestic law and enhances national defense security capability has caused protests from China, China, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei and other neighboring countries. Sovereignty, fishing rights and regional security also arises.