後冷戰時期美國飛彈防禦政策─爭辯與邏輯─

Abstract

後冷戰時期美國飛彈防獄計畫包括國家飛彈防禦〈NMD〉與戰區飛彈防禦〈TMD〉等兩大主體：前者為防衛美國本土免於意外性或有限度的各類型彈道飛彈攻擊；而後者則是提供美國海外駐軍、盟邦以及對美國有重大利益國家對於中、短程彈道威脅的有效防護。目前「軍備管制」論者與「飛彈防禦」支持者對於飛彈防禦政策的爭論焦點主要集中在「反彈道飛彈條約對於NMD與TMD系統所作的潛在限制」、「赫爾辛基協定在TMD與Non-ABM系統界定上的爭議」、「彈道飛彈威脅評估的分歧」、「傳統核子與嚇阻政策的調適」以及「相互保證毀滅邏輯的反省」等議題。

The two primary components of U.S. ballistic missile defense in the post-Cold War Era include National Missile Defense (NMD) and Theater Missile Defense (TMD). The former is being developed to protect the U.S. homeland against a limited or accidental attack by long-range ballistic missiles. The latter is designed to safeguard U.S. troops stationed abroad and allies against short and medium range ballistic missile attacks. Current policy debate upon missile defense focuses on such key issues as the limitations to NMD and TMD systems imposed by the ABM Treaty, the controversy of the 1997 Helsinki Demarcation Agreement, the adjustment of traditional deterrence and nuclear strategy, and the rethinking of the logic of mutual assured destruction (MAD).