印度實施經濟改革以來的外交走向

Abstract

蘇聯解體之後，印度必須重新制訂它的外交政策並尋求新的夥伴關係，來彌補在外交、經濟，甚至安全上失去的援助。與此同時，印度政府也因財政危機而開始推行開放的經濟改革政策。本文試圖說明，一九九一年以來的經濟改革不僅在經濟層面改變了印度內向型的經濟政策，同時也催生新的外交取向和目標。經濟改革伴隨著冷戰結束的影響，促使印度外交由傳統的不結盟取向轉向以交往政策為重心。印度和東南亞、南亞鄰國、中共及美國的關係清楚顯現出這項調整。

With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, India was required to reformulate her foreign policy and seek new international partnerships to compensate for the loss of diplomatic, economic, and even security support from her traditional partner. Almost at the same time, India`s government began to restructure its economic policy in order to open up to the world in the wake of the financial crisis that shook the country in the early 1900s. This paper suggests that the economic reforms initiated in 1991 not only altered India`s inward focus on the economic front, but also generated momentum towards a new foreign policy orientation and a readjustment of foreign policy goals. The thrust generated by economic reforms along with the end of the Cold War deflected India`s policy from non-alignment towards engagement. India`s foreign policy was adjusted to meet the significant changes in the internal and external environment, as illustrated by its relations especially with Southeast Asia, its immediate South Asian neighbours, mainland China, and the U.S.