歐洲聯盟「巴爾幹政策」之研析

Abstract

過去十年來，在歐洲巴爾幹半島前南斯拉夫為主體的範圍內，出現了幾次內戰。歐盟由於地緣關係的影響，所以涉入千預的範圍與深度最多。面對就在自北後院發生的戰亂與不穩定，致力巴爾幹半島的和平、穩定與民主，並且促進當地人權的尊重，及加強經濟的繁榮，除了是歐洲人不可推卸的責任外，更是歐洲整合發展的重要關鍵。研究歐的「巴爾幹政策」，除了探討歐盟主要國家在巴爾幹政策成過程中的立場差異，歐盟如何協助巴爾幹地區重建，並將進一步瞭解其「共同安全對對外政策」的定位、與其和美國的跟大西洋特殊關係。其中也將涉及相關的國際組織，如：北約、聯合國、歐洲安全暨經濟組織，涉入巴爾幹衝突的調解，對其組織結構與任務的影響；此外，維持和平行動進行中，也牽動幾個強，如：美國、俄羅斯與中國對解決國際爭端方式意見的爭執，連帶著影響其對國際局勢影響力的大小，因此也將比較歐盟與此三者之間國際地位的變更。最後，本文將對歐盟的「巴爾幹政策」作評估，檢視歐盟此一政策手段與目標之間的差距，而衡估歐盟未來「巴爾幹政策」的前景。

Over the past ten years, civil wars over territorial conflicts in the former Yugoslavia have occurred in the Balkans. Due to geopolitical reasons, the EU was deeply involved in these events. In order to promote this region’s peace, stability, and democracy, it is EU’s unavoidable responsibility to advocate human rights and develop economic prosperity in the Balkans. This paper discusses the differences in the Balkan-policies of EU member states, how the Balkan region is rebuilding, the position of the European Foreign and Security Policy (EFSP), and the EU’s special relations with the US. In addition, this study will examine how various international organizations-such as NATO, UN, and OESE-have regulated the Balkan conflicts and its influences on their organizations and functions. The Balkan conflicts have also affected some big powers, such as the US, Russia, and China, and have changed their international power positions. Finally the Balkan-policy of the EU will be evaluated. After analyzing the distinction between the goals and the means of the Balkan-policy, the vision of the Balkan-policy of the EU will be estimated.