伊朗接受聯合國安理會第598號決議之決策分析

Abstract

兩伊戰爭造成上百萬人之傷亡，是中東近代史上最慘痛的悲劇之一。兩伊戰爭延續達八年之象，直至伊朗於後九八八年接受聯合國第598號停火決議案，戰爭方告終止。然而學界對於伊朗接受此一決議之政策，及戰爭為何及如何終止之研究，相對較少。本文旨在於分析伊朗採取此一決策之原因、過程、成效及影響，並藉以作為研究戰爭終止之一個案例。本文之研究結論顯示，伊朗最後採取接受該停火決議之妥協立場，主要是其在戰場上之相對軍力巨幅下滑，及國家生存面臨危機所致。

The Iran-Iraq War caused more than 1 million casualties and was one of the greatest human tragedies of recent Middle Eastern history. The eight-year ware ended when Islamic Iran accepted United Nations Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 598. However, few researchers have inquired into Iran’s policy toward the Resolution or looked into why and how a war terminates. Using Iran’s adoption of the cease-fire Resolution as a case study, this paper lucidates the causes, processes, performances, and effects of Iran’s policy. Furthermore, it concludes that Iran’s conciliatory attitude stemmed from its drastic decline in military position during the war, as well as its fullest consideration of national survival.