中共省制之研究

Abstract

在中國大陸，省為地方政府之第一級，其幅員區劃、體制結構、分權程度均會影響省之財、經、企等發展。以時間序列言，「改革開放」後之一連串措施及制度之變革亦使中共走向修正之社會主義；以政黨結構言，雖仍為一黨專政之民主集中制，但至少形式上之政事分開、政企分開、權力下授已有相當的調整。雖然權力之收放難脫循環之窠臼，但整體而言較改革開放前明顯地更具分權特色。基此，省制之研究也就益形重要，如何承上轉下，在受中央監督的同時，而能維持某種程度的自主性，即使其自主性或因城鄉有別等因素不得不然爾，仍有深入探討之必要。本文將分數部分以論之。壹為前言。貳為省制之沿革。參為省政府的組織結構。肆為省政府的事權監督範圍。伍為省政府之運作功能。陸為結論。

The province is the highest level in the local government hierarchy in Mainland China. The size of each province, the institutional structure, and the degree of the division of powers will inevitably affect the development of finance, economy, and enterprise in each province given the institutional reforms in the wake of “Reform and Open.”As far as party structure is concerned, China has still maintained democratic centralism under one party hegemony. On the other hand, however, China has made considerable adjustment in terms of the separation between politics and governmental affairs as well as between politics and enterprises, and the authorization of powers to the lower hierarchy, etc. Given the increasing division of powers, the research on provincial system has therefore become more urgent. How to maintain a certain degree of provincial autonomy while maintaining the central government supervision should be the key point of concern. This article will be divided into six parts. Following the foreword is a discussion on the development of Provincial system. The next section elaborates on the organizational structures at the provincial level. The fourth part focuses on the scope of supervision of provincial powers. The fifth is on the analysis of operational function at the Provincial level. A conclusion ends the article.