初探珠江三角洲地區城鎭的發展現象：長安鎮、順德市

Abstract

本文係探討兩個珠江三角洲城鎮的發展現象及其背後機制之成因，而有別於過去文獻僅以經濟成長論述或政治意識型態，來看待中國大陸城鎮的先驗概念。首先，回顧與討論中國當下的區域空間社會歷史及其空間變遷；其次，藉由大環境的珠江三角洲經濟與社會空間的變遷狀況，導引出；第三，兩個樣本城鎮：（東莞市）長安鎮與（佛山市）順德市的空間資本累積過程，說明：前者，憑藉海外資本、「三來一補」與「前店後廠」的區位優勢，順勢地成為繼深圳後的明日工業城；後者則透過鄉鎮企業改制與技術產業之結構性轉型成功，成為以內地為主要的勞力密集型小家電市場生產憑地（如，電風扇、微波爐…）；前述兩者儘管發展機制不同，但是在國際分工體系的加工貿易角色是傲人的。最後，從經驗研究發現，珠江三角洲的區域城鎮空間轉化歷程的快慢，與地方政府鎮屬企業與開發公司，及其政府弔詭的「政府機構公司化」行為有關連。珠三角基層政府既為地方公眾事務管理角色，同時也近乎為市場經濟實體的所有者和經營者；前述空間經濟資本的累積與空間擴散，使我們不難理解區域優勢、鄉鎮企業的產業技術轉型，搭配轉型中之地方政府「宮廷經濟」的空間影響力，型塑了珠江三角洲九零年代璀璨的經濟空間競爭力，這方面是我們所應當反思與重構空間規劃理論的。

This paper probes into the spatial interactive mechanisms of local government in the Pearl River Delta Region (PRDR). The first section reviews the related literature on the PRDR`s spatial development process and local government`s power (e.g. government-enterprise). The two case studies reveal: 1). owing to ownership, location, internationalization advantages, and the inflow of FDI (foreign direct investment), Dong-guan (Zhang-an zhen) has been greatly transformed since 1978, especially in regard to the accumulation of spatial capital; 2). Shun-der`s town and township industrial enterprises` structural technology revolution, institutional innovation and labor-intensive industries, make Shun-der become a main electric appliance base (e.g. electric fans, microwave ovens, and refrigerators) in the hinterland of PRC. In conclusion, this study reveals the `peculiar` relationship (e.g. local state corporatism, principals and agents, and rent seeking behavior) between the local government and its enterprises; these are the principal spatial development mechanisms in PRDR, especially due to their roles in improving the trade of manufactures in the globe international division labor process.