俄羅斯中東政策之演變─ 以沙烏地阿拉伯與以色列為例

Abstract

俄羅斯和中東世界感覺起來並不相關，但如若展開地圖，及會發現兩者之間事實上是難以切割的。以地緣政治的視角來說，俄羅斯和中東之間的距離如此之近，理所當然地影響了兩者之間的政策制訂。自蘇聯至今，俄羅斯的中東政策在這100年間不斷地變化著。從這些變化中我們不只可以看出中東的地位對於俄羅斯來說有著難以磨滅的重要性，更可以看出俄羅斯和美國的關係、以及美國和中東世界的關係，是如何對彼此造成影響的。\n本文將時間範圍訂定自蘇聯時期至今，並選定俄羅斯以及中東地區作為空間範圍。另選定兩個區域性強權─沙烏地阿拉伯和以色列為例，來詳細探討俄羅斯對兩個國家的制定演變中，到底有哪些狀況，而這些狀況又受到那些因素的影響。本文將自研究動機和理論開始，逐層自俄羅斯的中東政策談論到俄羅斯對沙、以兩國的政策和關係，期望能夠以這樣的方式來呈現出俄羅斯在中東地區的角色以及重要性，並對俄羅斯和中東關係的未來發展做出預測。

Russia and the Middle East seems not related to each other, yet if we look at the map, we will find the unbreakable connection between them. From the angle of Geopolitics, the distance between Russia and Middle East will for sure influence their policy-making process. Since Soviet era, the Middle East policy of Russia changed continuously within the 100 years. the position of Middle East is not only crucial to Russia from these changings, but also the relationships between Russia and US, or Us and Middle East.\nThe time extent of the research starts from Soviet time till now, and specifically chooses Russia and the Middle East for the study case and chose two regional powers- Saudi Arabia and Israel as example to deeply explore. Within the evolution of the policy making of Russia to the two countries, what issue existed and what are the causes of these issues. In this thesis, we will start with motivation and theories, gradually discuss about the Middle East Policy of Russia and the Policy of Russia to Saudi Arabia and Israel. The main purpose is to present the character of Russia in the Middle East and the importance of the country, and give a prediction to the future relationship between Russia and the Middle East.