轉向規訓社會中的媒體角色：以解嚴前後醫療報導為主軸的分析詮釋

Abstract

解嚴前後巨變的台灣社會中，媒體於台灣由威權導向的政治體制，轉向蘊涵現代專業特質的「規訓社會」過程中扮演什麼角色？媒體如何連結反映既成社會中可能的權力流變模式？媒體又如何成為巨變社會中，某種權力模變遷機制的一部份？本研究採取敘事認同（Narrative Identities）方法學，選擇中央日報、中國時報、聯合報、自立晚報和民生報五個主要平面媒體，分析解嚴前的勞保轉診爭議和解嚴後的台大開心手術爭議，探討媒體在台灣社會轉變中扮演的角色。本文發現於解嚴前後台灣由「王權」統治轉向「規訓社會」發展的歷史可能中，媒體扮演的是反映概存勢力，但有著主動與積極促進新歷史趨勢或社會權力模式落實的可能。可是媒體的能動性必須伴隨著相應權力關係，人際網路，或社會組織的形成，否則難有社會作用；而當截然不同的新權力模式浮現後，如換心手術論述中呈現，結合教學醫院網絡的「王權」統治模式，使得解嚴前便以呈現醫療專業領域論述的民生報，也不得不轉變自身的主控敘事邏輯，以便呼應／反映新的「主權」統治模式，其中斷送的是醫療專業領域為基礎的「規訓社會」轉變可能。

At the juncture of lifting the martiallaw, what roles have mass media played in transforming an authoritarian regime to a disciplinary society? How have these mass media linked or reflected the forming and transforming modes of power in society? In what way or to what extend, these media could be parts of transforming mechanisms? Using a narrative identities approach analyzing the Central Daily, China Times, United Daily, Independence Evening Post, and Min Shen Daily, this research inquires into major medical discourses before and after lifting the Martiallaw. This paper finds that at the formative juncture of changing an authoritarian regime to be a disciplinary society, mass media mainly reflect existing power relations and, to certain degree, may actively shaping a new mode of power. However, such an active role played by mass media should accompany with particular power relations, especially in a sense of interpersonal or social networks. Otherwise, media`s active role will be shifted to be along with the development of emerging hegemony. In the \"open heart\" medical discourse, the role played by Min Shen Daily was the case in point. Such a role shift took place at the expense of closing possibilities of changing Taiwanese authoritarian regime into a disciplinary society.