Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/124241
題名: 「反中」事件的原因與影響:蒙中關係之分析
Anti-China Events in Mongolia: Causes, Impacts, and the Mongol-Sino Relations
作者: 巫佩蒂
Wu, Pei-Ti
貢獻者: 黃瓊萩
巫佩蒂
Wu, Pei-Ti
關鍵詞: 「反中」事件
權力不對稱結構理論
蒙古
中國
蒙中關係
Anti-China Events
Asymmetric Relationship
Mongolia
China
Mongol-Sino relations
日期: 2019
上傳時間: 1-Jul-2019
摘要: 由於歷史、領土、主權以及另一鄰國俄羅斯對蒙古之影響等因素,蒙古社會中長期存在著對中國普遍的不信任甚至是厭惡。而在如此的背景下,蒙古2017年總統大選以及塔溫陶勒蓋煤礦自焚事件和中國在蒙礦業投資,皆因出現「反中」的言論而被外界視為「反中」事件。本研究透過文獻分析以及訪談,近一步深究此二事件的背景與內涵。此外,亦以權力不對稱結構理論來試著分析蒙古處於蒙中大小國間不對稱關係中是如何處理對中政策以及外交大戰略。\n本研究發現,此二事件並非全然的「反中」事件,以蒙古的國內政治問題稱之會更加適當。然而,由於外界對於蒙古「反中」的印象以及蒙古自己對中長年以來不佳的觀感,導致這些事件被冠上「反中」事件的標題。再者,儘管蒙古確實存在對中國的負面印象,蒙古總地還是維持其以中俄為首要的外交戰略。而在權力不對稱結構中,中國的確長期忽視身為小國的蒙古;蒙古縱然對於中國的作為較為敏感,擔憂領土與主權問題,但受限於地理位置及經濟發展等因素,貿然破壞與中關係,並不利蒙古發展。在可預見的未來,蒙古依然會繼續維持與中國的友好關係。
Due to the historical legacies and the influence imposed by Russia, Mongolian have for long hold strong suspicion or even hatred toward China. Under such context, the 2017 presidential election in Mongolia and the suicidal event regarding China’s investment in Tavan Tolgoi mining ground were labelled as “anti-China” phenomena. This research project investigates the causes to these events by applying the method of analyzing related documents and literature and interviewing with Mongolian intellectuals. The theoretical approach adopted in this research is provided by the theory of asymmetric relationship. Several concepts extracted from the theory of asymmetric relationship were applied for further explaining how Mongolia deals with its foreign relations, especially the bilateral relationship with China.\nThe outcome of this research revealed that none of the above mentioned phenomena are truly anti-China events; the causes are actually domestic political disputes inside of Mongolia. The cover of “anti-China” of these events, which was mostly imposed by international media, was in fact the result of the negative image of China in Mongolia. Despite the stereotypes about China in the domestic society, the Mongolian government remains positive diplomatic relationship with Beijing. The reality of being the weaker side of the asymmetric bilateral relationship has made Mongolia vulnerable that not a lot of options left for its foreign policy making, but continuing maintaining good relationship with China.
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反中派前武術明星勝出〉,https://news.pts.org.tw/article/364292,查閱時間:2018/04/01。\n日經中文網,2017,〈2017年全球煤炭生產、出口和進口國家地區排名〉,https://zh.cn.nikkei.com/politicsaeconomy/commodity/26321-2017-08-04-04-55-49.html,查閱時間:2018/07/06。\n日經中文網,2017,〈蒙古新總統對華友不友好?〉,https://zh.cn.nikkei.com/politicsaeconomy/politicsasociety/25986-2017-07-11-01-50-02.html,查閱時間:2019/02/15。\n台灣經貿網,2017,〈俄羅斯與蒙古於東方經濟論壇簽署多項合作協議〉,https://info.taiwantrade.com/biznews/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%88%87%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%BC%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E8%AB%96%E5%A3%87%E7%B0%BD%E7%BD%B2%E5%A4%9A%E9%A0%85%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0-1371812.html,查閱時間:2019/02/15。\n多維新聞網,2017,〈蒙古總統大選掀反華潮 權鬥還是真相〉,http://news.dwnews.com/global/news/2017-06-26/59821988.html,查閱時間:2019/01/10。\n自由時報,2017,〈內蒙古人對台求援!淚訴:中共想把我們從草原抹去〉,http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/2215035,查閱時間:2019/01/07。\n自由時報,2017,〈蒙古新總統〉,http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/paper/1117310,查閱時間:2018/04/01。\n每日經濟新聞網,2012,〈蒙古國立法限制外資 中國鋁業收購或受挫〉,http://www.nbd.com.cn/articles/2012-05-10/652730.html,查閱時間:2019/03/22。\n河北省自然資源廳,2018,〈蒙古國礦業投資風險與合作前景〉,http://www.hebgt.gov.cn/heb/gk/kjxx/gjjl/201534119600296.html,查閱時間:2019/03/17。\n俄羅斯衛星通訊社,2017,〈民調:巴基斯坦和孟加拉國最歡迎中國經濟影響力〉,http://big5.sputniknews.cn/economics/201705311022750806/,查閱時間:2019/02/21。\n南戈壁資源有限公司http://www.southgobi.com/s/about.php,查閱時間:2019/03/22。\n星島日報Sing Tao Daily,2015,〈蒙古國營煤炭公司工會主席記者會自焚〉,http://www.singtao.ca/toronto/493592/2015-11-18/post-%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9C%8B%E7%87%9F%E7%85%A4%E7%82%AD%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%B7%A5%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD%E8%A8%98%E8%80%85%E6%9C%83%E8%87%AA%E7%84%9A/?variant=zh-hk,查閱時間:2018/07/05。\n美國之音,2018,〈斯里蘭卡爆發大規模示威,抗議政府出賣港口給中國〉,https://www.voachinese.com/a/news-sri-lanka-progest-20180906/4560176.html,查閱時間:2019/03/26。\n美國之音中文網,2012,〈蒙古地下的寶藏〉,https://cn.nytimes.com/world/20120630/c30mongolia/zh-hant/,查閱時間:2019/03/17。\n美國之音中文網,2014,〈習近平訪蒙古 中國為何對蒙古感興趣?〉,https://www.voacantonese.com/a/xi-mongolia-20140820/2421912.html,查閱時間:2019/03/17。\n美國之音中文網,2018,〈對抗中國俄幫蒙古提升軍力〉,https://www.voacantonese.com/a/Russia-Helps-Mongolia-To-Improve-Military-Power-20181019/4622025.html,查閱時間:2019/02/16。\n風傳媒,2017,〈蒙古「反中」新總統就任蒙中關係充滿變數?〉,http://www.storm.mg/article/297093,查閱時間:2018/07/01。\n香港貿易發展局,2017,〈蒙古市場概況〉,http://china-trade-research.hktdc.com/business-news/article/%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%B6%E4%B8%80%E8%B7%AF/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4%E6%A6%82%E6%B3%81/obor/tc/1/1X000000/1X0A375A.htm,查閱時間:2018/07/03。\n香港貿發局,2018,〈「一帶一路」建設〉,http://china-trade-research.hktdc.com/business-news/article/%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%B6%E4%B8%80%E8%B7%AF/%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%B6%E4%B8%80%E8%B7%AF-%E5%BB%BA%E8%A8%AD/obor/tc/1/1X000000/1X0A36B7.htm,查閱時間:2019/02/16。\n紐約時報中文網,2012,〈蒙古限制外資自斷財路〉,https://cn.nytimes.com/business/20121212/c12mongolia/zh-hant/,查閱時間:2018/07/08。\n紐約時報中文網,2017,〈蒙古不再歡迎達賴喇嘛,切割數百年文化紐帶〉,https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20170103/china-mongolia-dalai-lama/zh-hant/,查閱時間:2018/12/07。\n陳友冰,2011,〈蒙古國的漢學研究〉,http://www.guoxue.com/?p=2458,查閱時間:2018/05/28。\n新華網,2014,〈習近平同蒙古國總統額勒貝格道爾吉舉行會談〉,http://www.xinhuanet.com/world/2014-08/21/c_1112179225.htm,查閱時間:2018/04/01。\n新華網,2014,〈習近平同蒙古國總統額勒貝格道爾吉舉行會談〉,http://www.xinhuanet.com/world/2014-08/21/c_1112179225.htm,查閱時間:2018/07/01。\n新華網,2015,〈蒙古國受辱中國遊客自述經過:七八個小伙子圍住我〉,http://www.xinhuanet.com/world/2015-04/05/c_127658295.htm,查閱時間:2018/07/05。\n新華網,2017,〈外交部就巴特圖勒嘎當選蒙古國總統答記者問〉,http://www.xinhuanet.com/world/2017-07/10/c_1121295819.htm,查閱時間:2019/02/13。\n新華網,2017,〈習近平會見蒙古國總理額爾登巴特〉,http://www.xinhuanet.com//politics/2017-05/12/c_1120962156.htm,查閱時間:2018/11/29。\n新華網,2017,〈蒙古國國家大呼拉爾解除額爾登巴特的總理職務〉,http://www.xinhuanet.com//2017-09/08/c_1121626262.htm,查閱時間:2019/01/15。\n新華網,2018,〈李克強同蒙古總理呼日勒蘇赫舉行會談〉,http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2018-04/09/c_1122657005.htm,查閱時間:2018/12/01。\n新華網,2018,〈習近平主持中俄蒙元首第四次會晤〉,http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/leaders/2018-06/09/c_1122962273.htm,查閱時間:2018/11/29。\n新華網,2018,〈習近平會見蒙古國總理呼日勒蘇赫〉,http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2018-04/10/c_1122662570.htm,查閱時間:2019/02/16。\n新華網,2018,〈習近平會見蒙古國總統巴特圖勒嘎〉,http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/www.xinhuanet.com/world/2018-09/12/c_1123418344.htm,查閱時間:2018/11/01。\n新華網,2018,〈習近平會見蒙古國總統巴特圖勒嘎〉,http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/leaders/2018-06/10/c_1122964883.htm,查閱時間:2019/02/20。\n新華網,2018,〈蒙古國政府為「一帶一路」提供便利通道〉,http://www.xinhuanet.com/world/2018-08/28/c_1123342543.htm,查閱時間:2018/11/29。\n新華網,2019,〈蒙古國國家大呼拉爾解除恩赫包勒德主席職務〉,http://www.xinhuanet.com/world/2019-01/29/c_1210050600.htm,查閱時間:2019/02/22。\n經濟部國際合作處, 2017,〈蒙古總統大選經貿聚焦和對中國政策公投〉,https://www.moea.gov.tw/mns/ietc/bulletin/Bulletin.aspx?kind=29&html=1&menu_id=17129&bull_id=3143,查閱時間:2019/01/15。\n僑務電子報,2017,〈中國以經逼政懲罰不聽話國家〉,https://www.ocacnews.net/overseascommunity/article/article_story.jsp?id=223487,查閱時間:2019/03/26。\n蒙通社,2019,〈蒙中建交70週年範圍內將實施70個項目〉,https://montsame.mn/ru/read/176842,查閱時間:2019/02/16。\n聯合國新聞,2012,〈中美俄英法五核國簽署共同聲明再次確認蒙古的無核武器地位〉,https://news.un.org/zh/story/2012/09/180272,查閱時間:2018/10/30。\n聯合新聞網,2018,〈中國神華去年業績接近倍增〉,https://udn.com/news/story/7239/3049191,查閱時間:2018/07/07。\n聯合新聞網,2018,〈把大選說成「反中擊敗親中」三立激怒馬國網友〉,https://udn.com/news/story/6656/3137981,查閱時間:2019/02/17。\n蘋果日報,2016,〈不爽工作被搶 肯亞鄉民打傷14中國工人〉,https://www.voachinese.com/a/news-sri-lanka-progest-20180906/4560176.html,查閱時間:2019/03/26。\n觀察者,2016,〈經濟崩盤的蒙古要重啟世界最大煤礦 中國神華曾兩次中標均擱淺〉,http://www.guancha.cn/Neighbors/2016_09_10_374037.shtml,查閱時間:2018/07/05。\n\n四、學位論文\n其木格,2015,〈蒙中俄關係與蒙古國對1911-1945年中國的認識〉,台北:國立台灣大學國家發展研究所博士論文。\n林健輝,2016,〈蒙古國際事務期刊的蒙中關係論述分析〉,台北:國立政治大學東亞研究所碩士論文。\n恩和烏英嘎,2015,〈蒙古國『第三鄰國』政策對外戰略的起源與發展:中國因素影響之分析〉,台北:國立台灣大學國家發展研究所博士論文。\n馬如瑩,2018,〈討海人的國土與主權意識:從菲律賓漁民視野看南海爭端與菲國對中政策的演變〉,台北:國立政治大學國際研究英語碩士學位學程碩士論文。\n歐尤娜(Oyuntsetseg Densmaa),2016,〈21世紀初蒙古國家安全之研究〉,桃園:國立國防大學戰略研究所碩士論文。\n\n五、演講\nBulag, Uradyn E.,2018,〈熱愛他者 超越自我 論中國對成吉思汗的擁抱〉,台北:國立政治大學。\n\n\n貳、英文部分\n一、期刊論文\nBillé, Franck . 2008 .“Faced with Extinction: Myths and Urban Legends in Contemporary Mongolia.” Cambridge Anthropology 28 (1): 34-60.\nBillé, Franck.2016. “On China’s Cartographic Embrace: A View from Its Northern Rim.”in Cartographic Anxieties , Cross-Currents 21:88-110.\nCampi, Alicia J.2005.” Sino-Mongolian Relations from Beijing`s Viewpoint.” China Brief 5 (10) .\nCampi, Alicia J.2015.” Mongolia’s Place in China’s ‘One Belt, One Road.’” China Brief 15 (16) .\nCampi, Alicia J.2016.” Developments at Mongolia’s Two Largest Mines Obscure Government’s Pre-Election ‘Go Slow’ Strategy.”Eurasia Daily Monitor13 (5) .\nCampi, Alicia J.2017.” Russo-Sino-Mongolian Transit and Infrastructure Cooperation and Mongolia’s New President” Eurasia Daily Monitor 14 (95) .\nDelaplace,Grégory.2012”Parasitic Chinese, vengeful Russians: ghosts, strangers, and reciprocity in Mongolia.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 18 (S1):S131-S144.\nDensmaa, Oyuntsetseg. 2016. “Mongolian balance between China and Russia.”Strategic Vision5(26): 4-8.\nEnkhsaikhan,J. 2012. “Converting a Political Goal to Reality: The First Steps to Materialize Mongolia’s Nuclear-Weapon Free Status” The Mongolia Journal of International Affairs (17): 18-58.\nFish, M. Steven andMichael Seeberg. 2017. “The Secret Supports of Mongolian Democracy ”Journal of Democracy 28 (1): 129-143.\nGanbold, Misheelt and Saleem H.Ali. 2017. “The peril and promise of resource nationalism: A case analysis of Mongolia`s mining development.” Resources Policy 53 : 1-11.\nGill, Rob. 2017.”Balancing Mongolia’s Growth and Sovereignty: Up, Down, or Out?” New Perspectives in Foreign Policy 14: 28-33\nGinsburg, Tom. 1997.“Mongolia in 1996: Fighting Fire and Ice.” Asian Surveys 37 (1): 60-64.\nHeaton, William.1973.”Mongolia: Troubled Satellite.” Asian Survey 13 (2): 246-251 .\nJackson ,Sara L.and Devon Dear. 2016 .” Resource extraction and national anxieties: China’s economic presence in Mongolia.” Eurasian Geography and Economics57(3) :343-373.\nKrishna, Vaishali.2014.”Mongolian Foreign Policy Implications for Russia and China.” Mongolian Journal of International Affairs 19 : 67-81.\nMigeddorj Batchimeg.2005.” Future Challenges for the PRC and Mongolia: A Mongolian Perspective.” China Brief 5 (10) .\nPORTER, Edgar A. 2009. “Mongolia, Northeast Asia and the United States: Seeking the Right Balance .” Ritsumeikan Journal of Asia Pacific Studies 26: 3-17.\nRahul,Ram.1978.” Mongolia between China and Russia.” Asian Survey 18 (7): 659-665 .\nWang,Wei-fang.2005. “Pan-Mongolism" and U.S.-China-Mongolia relations.” China Brief 5 (10) .\nWilson, Jeffrey D. 2015. “Understanding resource nationalism: economic dynamics and political institutions.”Contemporary Politics 21(4): 399-416.\nWomack, Brantly. 2001. “How size matters: The United States, China and asymmetry.”JournalofStrategicStudies24(4):123-150.\nWomack, Brantly. 2003. “Asymmetry and systemic misperception: China, Vietnam and Cambodia during the 1970s.”JournalofStrategicStudies26(2):92-119.\n\n二、專書\nBillé, Franck . 2014. Sinophobia: Anxiety, Violence, and the Making of Mongolian Identity. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.\nBulag, U. E. 1998. Nationalism and Hybridity in Mongolia. Oxford: Oxford University Press.\nBulag, U. E. 2010. Collaborative Nationalism—The Politics of Friendship on China’s Mongolian Frontier. Oxford: Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.\nCampi, Alicia J and R. Baasan.2009. The impact of China and Russia on United States-Mongolian political relations in the twentieth century. Lewiston, N.Y. : The Edwin Mellen Press.\nHo, Khai Leong . eds . 2009. Connecting & Distancing: Southeast Asia and China. Singapore: Singapore Society of Asian Studies and Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.\nKatzenstein, P.and R.Keohane. eds .2007. Anti-Americanisms in World Politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press .\nReeves, Jeffrey.2015.Chinese Foreign Relations With Weak Peripheral States: Asymmetrical Economic Power and Insecurity. New York, NY : Routledge.\nStein, Janice Gross.2012.”Foreign policy decision making: rational,psychological, and neurological models.”In Foreign Policy : Theories, Actors, Cases,eds. Steve Smith, Amelia Hadfield, and Tim Dunne. Oxford: Oxford University Press.\nWomack, Brantly. 2006. China and Vietnam: The Politics of Asymmetry,New York:Cambridge University Press.\nWomack, Brantly. 2010. China among Unequals: Asymmetric Foreign Relationship in Asia, Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co.\nWomack, Brantly. 2016. Asymmetry and International Relationships, New York:Cambridge University Press.\nYang,Alan Hao. 2014. “China-Vietnam Relational Asymmetries: A Fungibility Problem.” In Power in a Changing World Economy: Lessons from East Asia, eds. Benjamin Cohen and Eric Chiu. New York: Routledge.\n\n三、電子資料庫\nBloomberg TV Mongolia.2017. ” ЭРДЭНЭС ТАВАН ТОЛГОЙ”-ИЙН НҮҮРСНИЙ ЭКСПОРТ 2016 ОНД 1.8 ДАХИН НЭМЭГДЖЭЭ” http://bloombergtv.mn/%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%81-%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B9-%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD-%D0%BD%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82-2016-%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4-1-8-%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BD-%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%8D/?cid=7e(Accessed on July 21, 2018).\nBloomberg.2018.” Mongolian Parliament OKs Plan to Sell 30% of Tavan Tolgoi Mine”https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-29/mongolian-parliament-oks-plan-to-sell-30-of-tavan-tolgoi-mine(Accessed on July 20, 2018).\nBusiness Insider. 2017. “Mongolia inaugurates anti-China martial arts expert as new president” https://www.businessinsider.com/afp-martial-arts-expert-swbusinessinsiderorn-in-as-mongolian-president-2017-7(Accessed on March 26, 2019).\nCentral Bank of Mongolia . ” Mongolia`s International Investment Position.” https://www.mongolbank.mn/eng/liststatistic.aspx?id=4_2(Accessed on June 10, 2019).\nCentral Bank of Mongolia https://www.mongolbank.mn/eng/liststatistic.aspx?id=4_2(Accessed on June 26, 2018).\nCentral Intelligence Agency. ”The World Factbook.” https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html (Accessed on June 6, 2018).\nCGTN.2018.” The Prime Minister of Mongolia, Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh, said his country is committed to pursuing mutually beneficial economic relationships and will actively engage with neighboring countries.” https://news.cgtn.com/news/3363444e336b7a6333566d54/share_p.html(Accessed on July 23, 2018).\nChina Daily. 2017. “Positioned for Belt and Road benefits” https://www.chinadailyasia.com/asiaweekly/2017-03/03/content_15580549.html(Accessed on March 22, 2019).\nChinadialogue.2016.” Mining threatens Mongolia’s fragile environmental balance.” https://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/8849-Mining-threatens-Mongolia-s-fragile-environmental-balance (Accessed on July 19, 2018).\nCNBC.2016.” Massive Mongolia coal deposits could revive its flagging economy” https://www.cnbc.com/2016/12/13/mongolia-economy-could-get-boost-from-higher-coal-pricestavan-tolgoi-mine-restructuring.html (Accessed on July 20, 2018).\nCNN.2011.” Mongolia presses on key mine project” https://edition.cnn.com/2011/09/26/business/mongolia-mining/index.html(Accessed on July 20, 2018).\nDaily Mail.2015.” The horrifying moment a Mongolian union boss sets himself on FIRE to protest sale of country`s coal mining industry” http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3320342/A-heated-press-conference-horrifying-moment-Mongolian-union-boss-sets-FIRE-protest.html (Accessed on July 22, 2018).\nDeccan Herald . 2017. “India befriends new anti-China Mongolian prez” https://www.deccanherald.com/content/624206/india-befriends-anti-china-mongolian.html (Accessed on March 26, 2019).\nEast Asia Forum. 2017. “Mongolia’s new president is Mongolia first and China last” http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2017/08/11/mongolias-new-president-is-mongolia-first-and-china-last/(Accessed on January 11, 2019).\nEast Asia Forum. 2019. “Mongolia hamstrung by political paralysis and corruption” http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2019/02/01/mongolia-hamstrung-by-political-paralysis-and-corruption/ (Accessed on February 16, 2019)\nEnergy World. 2018. ”Mongolia`s coal exports drop a third to 3.25 million tonne in February.“ https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/coal/mongolias-coal-exports-drop-a-third-to-3-25-million-tonne-in-february/63295418(Accessed on July 03, 2018).\nEnergy World.2018.”Mongolia`s coal exports drop a third to 3.25 million tonne in February.“https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/coal/mongolias-coal-exports-drop-a-third-to-3-25-million-tonne-in-february/63295418(Accessed on July 04, 2018).\nForeign Brief. 2017. “Mongolia’s presidential election: populists in Asia” https://www.foreignbrief.com/asia-pacific/mongolias-presidential-election-populists-asia/(Accessed on January 12, 2019).\nGeneral Election Commission of Mongolia http://gec.gov.mn/en/(Accessed on January 12, 2019).\nGlobal Firepower. 2018. “2018 Military Strength Ranking” https://www.globalfirepower.com/countries-listing.asp (Accessed on February 23, 2019)\nHurley, John, Scott Morris, and Gailyn Portelance.2018. “Examining the Debt Implications of the Belt and Road Initiative from a Policy Perspective.” Center for Global Development. https://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/examining-debt-implications-belt-and-road-initiative-policy-perspective.pdf (Accessed on November 27, 2018)\nMINING.com.2015.” Mongolia to sell stake in its giant Tavan Tolgoi coal mine.” http://www.mining.com/mongolia-to-sell-stake-in-its-giant-tavan-tolgoi-coal-mine/ (Accessed on July 21, 2018).\nMINING.com.2016.” Mongolia readies to revive its giant Tavan Tolgoi coal mine.” 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描述: 碩士
國立政治大學
東亞研究所
105260011
資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105260011
資料類型: thesis
Appears in Collections:學位論文

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