高速公路電子收費系統交通數據之分析與視覺化

Abstract

本論文使用交通部彙整之電子收費系統資料作高速公路各路段各時段的平均車速及車流量分析。所依據的原始數據來自兩份資料集，分別為(一)M03A資料集：記錄每日各偵測站每五分鐘通行之車流量；(二)M05A資料集：記錄每日兩相鄰偵測站間路段每五分鐘內所通行之車流量及平均車速。以一小時為時間單位，我們分析各路段早晚24小時車速及車流量之年平均及變化。同時我們依據偵測站的經緯座標配合國道路網地理資料繪製國道路網圖，將所分析之2017年數據結果以顏色呈現於路網圖，藉此便利觀察各時段及各路段數據之特徵。另外我們也針對2016年至2017年兩年端午節連假的車流及車速作分析，藉以觀察連假車流流向及識別易壅塞路段，並探討夜間收費政策是否影響各時段道路使用情形。上述所有數據分析及作圖均以Python程式、手稿語言如AWK及其他開放軟體完成。

In this thesis we analyze the average speed and traffic flows in each segment between two adjacent toll gantries on national freeways in Taiwan using data recorded by Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) systems. Our analysis is based on two data sets provided by the Traffic Information Service of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, namely (1) the M03A Data Set which records the traffic flow per five minutes per day passing through each toll gantry; (2) the M05A Data Set which records the traffic volume and average speed of vehicles passing through the two adjacent gantries every five minutes a day. Dividing a day into 24 hours, we analyze the road-segment-wise average speed and traffic volume collected for one year or a certain period of time, and arrange the data into 24 time-intervals representing 24 hours a day. At the same time, we create freeway network maps according to the geographic coordinates of toll gantries and freeways to display our traffic data (analyzed for the year 2017) with freeway network maps; in this way one can gain an overview of the multi-parameter traffic data. In addition, we analyze the traffic data for the Dragon Boat Festival four-day holiday in 2016 and in 2017 in order to examine whether the charging policy implemented in 2016 affected the traffic flows of various time intervals. Our data analysis and visualization were carried out using Python and scripting languages, such as AWK.