Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/125092
題名: 女性遊戲實況主臉書粉絲專頁性訴求與自我揭露貼文對互動率之影響──以擬社會互動為中介變項
An exploration of game streamers` fan pages: effects of sexual appeals and self-disclosure posts on engagement rates through parasocial interactions
作者: 陳懷瑜
Chen, Huai-yu
貢獻者: 張卿卿
Chang, Ching-ching
陳懷瑜
Chen, Huai-yu
關鍵詞: 遊戲實況
臉書
粉絲專頁
自我揭露
性訴求
擬社會互動
Game streaming
Facebook
Fan pages
Sexual appeals
Self-disclosure
Parasocial interaction
日期: 2019
上傳時間: 7-Aug-2019
摘要: 隨著實況技術使用門檻下降、遊戲產業轉向重視社群經營,遊戲實況產業吸引更多女性加入遊戲行銷行列,並透過經營「臉書粉絲專頁」(Facebook Fan Pages)等社群媒體,發展獨具個人風格的社群經營策略。然而,即便越來越多女性投入遊戲實況產業,且擁有更高的內容產製自主性;「性別」依然是阻礙其事業發展的門檻。因此,本研究聚焦於女性遊戲實況主之社群訊息策略,如何幫助她們在充滿阻礙的遊戲社群中創造經營效益?\n\n本文採用巨量文本分析與人工內容分析,以探討女性遊戲實況主粉絲專頁中「性訴求」與「自我揭露」貼文對互動率之影響,並且檢驗擬社會互動對「自我揭露與互動率」之中介效果。\n\n研究發現主要有三:首先,在本次分析樣本中,女性遊戲實況主之性訴求程度分布普遍集中於低程度。其次,粉絲專頁來源會影響「性訴求對互動率」之效果,研究結果與過去研究結果不同。最後,本文證實擬社會互動對「自我揭露與互動率」之中介效果。
With the prevalence of social media and streaming technology in the game streaming industry, more and more women have devoted to this industry. However, gaming advertising tends to stereotypes women, and this phenomenon limited female game streamers` career development. Therefore, this study aims to explore how posts` strategies help female game streamers make engagement on social media.\n\nAdopting a hybrid approach to computational text analysis and manual content analysis, this research examines the effects of sexual appeals and self-disclosure posts on engagement rates through parasocial interactions on five-game streamers’ Facebook Fan Pages.\n\nThe results revealed that the distribution of sexual mostly arranges in low extent among both textual and image posts. Second, different streamer’ pages matter the effect of sexual appeals on engagement rates. Third, the current study confirms that parasocial interaction is a mediating variable for the effect of self-disclosure on engagement rates. Thus, implications and further directions about the game streaming researches were discussed.
參考文獻: 中文部分\nCarat 凱絡媒體週報(2016年9月6日)。〈電玩實況主,新世代的廣告代言人〉。上網日期:2017年 10月20日。取自 https://www.inside.com.tw/2016/09/06/game-broadcaster\nDailyView網路溫度計(2014年10月22日)。〈辣到翻!宅宅凍未條!電玩美女人氣大PK!〉。上網日期:2019年2月9日。取自 https://dailyview.tw/daily/2014/10/22\nDailyView網路溫度計(2017年1月18日)。〈人氣實況主爭霸戰!統神奪冠最大障礙竟是「特哥」〉。上網日期:2019年2月9日。取自 https://dailyview.tw/Daily/2017/01/18\nGaspar.info(2015年11月27日)。〈Twitch實況工商基礎觀念〉。上網日期:2017年10月20日。取自http://gaspar.info/v2/?p=1254\nHiNet新聞(2018)。〈實況魔力大未來專題報導〉。上網日期:2018年8月6日。取自 https://times.hinet.net/spList/42/1\ni-Buzz網路口碑研究中心(2017年11月2日)。〈Facebook、Twitter、Instagram,三大社群互動率的基本概念及計算方法〉。上網日期:2019年2月7日。取自 https://blog.dcplus.com.tw/marketing-knowledge/social_marketing/124036\nINSIDE(2011年3月3日)。〈你還在用關鍵字搜尋嗎?漫談一些資料探勘的作法〉。上網日期:2019年2月1日。取自 https://www.inside.com.tw/article/775-emotion-robot\nINSIDE(2011年3月3日)。〈你還在用關鍵字搜尋嗎?漫談一些資料探勘的作法〉。上網日期:2019年2月1日。取自https://www.inside.com.tw/article/775-emotion-robot\nOath(2017年5月1日)。〈2017電玩白皮書完整報告〉。上網日期:2019年2月3日。取自https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwlKufznZS4IZzU1cElXVXAwLXc/view\nWeGamersLove(2017)。〈2017亞洲首創公益電玩接力賽〉。上網日期:2019年2月10日。取自http://www.wegamerslove.com/?fbclid=IwAR09DWW91bDigcwoNel8BvoxzOKal-j2_HLCH-TCYE8A5m-bDrF7xgaFnuU\nWirForce(2017年11月23日)。〈WF 2017|亞洲最大電競嘉年華「WirForce 2017」今日花博開跑,11家電競大廠同場較勁〉。上網日期:2019年2月10日。取自https://www.4gamers.com.tw/news/detail/33735/welecom-WirForce-2017-opening-ceremony-report\n女人迷(2017 年5月28日)。〈為甚麼你只信任男主播?遊戲實況主「小葵」開創網紅後時代〉。上網日期:2017 年 11 月 27 日。取自 https://womany.net/read/article/13527\n王文心(2012)。〈淺談信度〉。《學術調查研究資料庫》,取自 https://srda.sinica.edu.tw/filepool/Tbemagzinecontflatt/43.pdf。\n王承平(2012)。〈性別權力的跨界再現 電視廣告中女體的美麗與哀愁〉。《文化研究月報》,128:1-23。doi:10.7012/CSM.201205.0001\n王承平、陳立民(2010)。〈凝視女體: 汽車平面廣告中女性的再現意義〉。《明道學術論壇》,6(2):130-152。doi:10.6953/MJ.201006.0130\n吳秉勳(2016)。《觀眾對電玩遊戲女實況主的認知、觀看滿足感、互動行為之初探》。中正大學傳播學系電訊傳播研究所學位論文。\n吳富傑(2009)。《企業利用Facebook平台經營粉絲專頁社群之研究》。國立政治大學科技管理研究所碩士論文。\n林凱琳(2018)。《複合性風險事件之新聞框架對網路社群參與之影響—以815全台大停電為例》。國立政治大學傳播所碩士論文。doi:10.6814/THE.NCCU.COMM.040.2018.F05\n邱馨玉(2007)。《身體、暴力與他者:遊戲文本框架下的男性氣概探索》。交通大學傳播研究所學位論文。\n施伯燁(2014)。〈社群媒體-使用者研究之概念,方法與方法論初探〉。《傳播研究與實踐》,4(2):207-227。doi:10.6123/JCRP.2014.015\n施琬妤(2017)。《看別人玩電動很有趣?以自我決定理論探討遊戲實況平台感知互動,社會臨場感和觀看愉悅感之關係》。交通大學傳播研究所學位論文。\n財團法人資訊工業策進會編撰(2010)。《2010年台灣數位內容產業年鑑》,台北:經濟部工業局。\n動腦雜誌(2017年7月23日)。〈台灣直播市場調查:網友直播看什麼?〉。上網日期:2018年7月10日。取自 http://www.brain.com.tw/news/articlecontent?ID=45124#LlQK2eOv\n張玉佩(2009)。〈遊戲、人生:從線上遊戲玩家探討網路世界與日常生活的結合〉。《新聞學研究》,98:1-45。\n張約翰(2014)。〈從身體到符號,再回到身體──由宅男女神看宅男的消失〉。《文化研究雙月報》,143:37-46。\n傅文成、陶聖屏(2018)。〈以大數據觀點探索網路謠言的 [網路模因] 傳播模式〉。《中華傳播學刊》, 33:99-135。doi:10.6195/cjcr.201806_33.0003\n傅珮雯(2011)。《Facebook 網站上口碑行為之研究》。國立中山大學企業管理學系研究所。\n喀報(2010 年 11 月 14 日)。〈宅男或媒體 誰崇拜女神〉。上網日期:2017年12月13日。取自https://ir.nctu.edu.tw/bitstream/11536/33144/1/201.pdf\n曾千琿(2011)。《性感是廣告良藥還是毒藥? 性訴求類型,產品類別與刺激尋求動機特質對廣告效果的影響》。國立中山大學企管管理學系碩士論文。\n黃介廷(2012)。《線上遊戲性暗示廣告及其廣告效果之研究》。佛光大學碩士論文。\n黃純敏(2017)。〈基於詞性組合規則結合維基百科進行中文命名實體辨識與消歧義〉。《圖書資訊學研究》,11(2):139-179。\n黃凱毓(2013)。〈Facebook中的擬社會互動現象分析-Facebook訊息呈現特性對線上交流之影響〉。2013年中華傳播學年會論文,新北市:輔仁大學。\n楊曼芬(2009)。《線上遊戲廣告「童顏巨乳殺很大」之性別文化解讀》。國立政治大學傳播學院碩士在職專班碩士論文。\n廖明中。(2017)。《遊戲實況的粉絲經濟及其矛盾》。臺灣大學社會學研究所學位論文。doi:10.6342/NTU201703961\n劉冠麟(2015)。〈是廣告還是朋友?以擬社會互動探討 Facebook 粉絲專頁之效果〉。中華傳播學年會,高雄:義守大學。\n數位時代(2018年7月)。〈電競新經濟封面故事〉。《電競新經濟》,290:50-89。\n蔡佩紜(2008)。《數位內容產業之國際競爭策略-以數位遊戲為例》。臺灣大學國際企業學研究所學位論文。doi:10.6342/NTU.2008.00777\n蔡佶良(2017)。《遊戲實況的運作機制:閱聽人、社群價值、資本邏輯》。交通大學傳播研究所學位論文。\n蔡依珍(2011)。《《女體Online》線上遊戲電視廣告的符號學分析》。 國防大學政治作戰學院新聞學碩士論文。\n賴筱茜、陳延昇(2015)。〈不只是聽廣播 廣播與社群媒介匯流的擬社會互動經驗〉。《廣播與電視》,38:1-33。\n鐘偉豪(2017)。《觀看遊戲實況之動機、實況內容滿意度、遊戲實況涉入程度、忠誠度之研究》。國立成功大學企業管理學所碩士論文。\n欒斌、邱于平、楊荏傑、林玉凡(2015)。〈探討關鍵粉絲之訊息內容偏好-以 X 百貨之 Facebook 粉絲專頁為例〉。《資訊管理學報》,22(3):225-242。\n\n英文部分\nAltman, I., & Taylor, D. A. (1973). Social penetration: The development of interpersonal relationships. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.\nBabbie, E. R. (1998). The Practice of Social Research (Vol. 112). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth publishing company.\nBarak, A., & Gluck-Ofri, O. (2007). Degree and reciprocity of self-disclosure in online forums. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(3), 407-417. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2006.9938\nBargh, J. A., McKenna, K. Y., & Fitzsimons, G. M. (2002). Can you see the real me? Activation and expression of the “true self” on the Internet. Journal of Social Issues, 58(1), 33-48. doi: 10.1111/1540-4560.00247\nBatra, R., & Ray, M. L. (1986). Affective responses mediating acceptance of advertising. Journal of Consumer Research, 13(2), 234-249. doi: 10.1086/209063\nBerger, C. R., & Calabrese, R. J. (1975). Some explorations in initial interaction and beyond: Toward a developmental theory of interpersonal communication. Human Communication Research, 1, 99-112. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2958.1975.tb00258.x\nboyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer‐mediated Communication, 13(1), 210-230. doi: 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x\nBuzzsumo (January 3, 2019). The 2019 Ultimate Guide to Facebook Engagement. Retrieved from https://buzzsumo.com/blog/facebook-engagement-guide/\nCarah, N. (2014). Like, comment, share: Alcohol brand activity on Facebook. Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education. Retrieved from https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/data/UQ_329178/carahfare.pdf?Expires=1562084935&Signature=HfWAF8hUsqLDe3jVNK3LksxrCUX0hU7B~rWwyOVuTCZNsn4kXSPgoymQj6Bfr7H-AV3B00wORMLf1a6kpM~9URJpSsDRkFwtK4rV6VLQpRftshHt6NuPAMLP3bRrOCkzjnagNe9VbzngZaFr0pwKpSkekF3jRnjnUq3wzUHCLiHpv6BO6Dvf20sLR~4rWOIn4W3xD4Yg8A-YFsuJKNUJWjtxv2pJtFtwJQ4OYqQ7qvYz29Pcovj7lN2mGLrznnemK10OIxpaAN4sowqVKIYYku6MPSkbyMkLMmOSqwaayT~dzOrkST~kJtCQkFyq~NJcEmEp2LuVhulYiOFClMn9Qw__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJKNBJ4MJBJNC6NLQ\nCarpenter, A., & Greene, K. (2015). Social penetration theory. The International Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Communication, 1-4.\nChelune JG (1979) Measuring openness in interpersonal communication. In: Chelune JG (ed.) Self Disclosure: Origins, Patterns and Implications of Openness in Interpersonal Relationship. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, pp. 14-30.\nChen, C. P. (2016). Forming digital self and parasocial relationships on YouTube. Journal of Consumer Culture, 16(1), 232-254. doi: 10.1177/1469540514521081\nChristofides, E., Muise, A., & Desmarais, S. (2009). Information Disclosure and Control on Facebook: Are They Two Sides of the Same Coin or Two Different Processes? Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 12(3), 341–345. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2008.0226\nChu, C. C, & Huang, H. P. (2017). From parasocial to social: A study of relationships among parasocial interaction, loyalty behavior and perceived interactivity on live video streaming platform [abstract] (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://ir.nctu.edu.tw/handle/11536/142380\nChung, S., & Cho, H. (2017). Fostering parasocial relationships with celebrities on social media: Implications for celebrity endorsement. Psychology & Marketing, 34(4), 481-495. doi: 10.1002/mar.21001\nCohen, J. (2004). Parasocial break-up from favorite television characters: The role of attachment styles and relationship intensity. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 21(2), 187-202. doi: 10.1177/0265407504041374\nCvijikj, I. P., & Michahelles, F. (2013). Online engagement factors on Facebook brand pages. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 3(4), 843-861. doi: 10.1007/s13278-013-0098-8\nDerlega VJ, Metts S, Petronio S, & Margulis ST. (1993). Self-disclosure. London: Sage.\nDudley, S. C. (1999). Consumer attitudes toward nudity in advertising. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 7(4), 89-96. doi: 10.1080/10696679.1999.11501854\nFacebook Newsroom (December 18, 2017). Fighting Engagement Bait on Facebook. Retrieved from https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2017/12/news-feed-fyi-fighting-engagement-bait-on-facebook/\nFarmer, W. (2012). The effect of Facebook on parasocial interaction in local news (Doctoral dissertation, Virginia Tech). Retrieved from https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstream/handle/10919/32608/Farmer_WL_T_2012.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y\nGandomi, A., & Haider, M. (2015). Beyond the hype Big data concepts, methods, and analytics. International Journal of Information Management, 35(2), 137-144. doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2014.10.007\nGoffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life (Vol. 13). Garden City, NY: Doubleday.\nGong, W., & Li, X. (2017). Engaging fans on microblog: the synthetic influence of parasocial interaction and source characteristics on celebrity endorsement. Psychology & Marketing, 34(7), 720-732. doi: 10.1002/mar.21018\nHannah, M. A., & Lam, C. (2017). Drawing from available means: Assessing the rhetorical dimensions of Facebook practice. International Journal of Business Communication, 54(3), 235-257. doi: 10.1177/2329488415572788\nHarris, R. J. (1994). The impact of sexually explicit media. In J. Bryant & D. Zillman (Eds.), Media Effects: Advances in Theory and Research (pp. 247-272). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.\nHogan, B. (2010). The presentation of self in the age of social media: Distinguishing performances and exhibitions online. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 30(6), 377-386. doi: 10.1177/0270467610385893\nHollenbaugh, E. E., & Ferris, A. L. (2014). Facebook self-disclosure: Examining the role of traits, social cohesion, and motives. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 50-58. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2013.07.055\nHorton, D., & Wohl, R. R. (1956). Mass communication and para-social interaction: Observations on intimacy at a distance. Psychiatry, 19, 215-229. doi: 10.1080/00332747.1956.11023049\nHum, N. J., Chamberlin, P. E., Hambright, B. L., Portwood, A. C., Schat, A. C., & Bevan, J. L. (2011). A picture is worth a thousand words: A content analysis of Facebook profile photographs. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(5), 1828-1833. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2011.04.003\nJones, M. Y., Stanaland, A. J., & Gelb, B. D. (1998). Beefcake and cheesecake: Insights for advertisers. Journal of Advertising, 27(2), 33-51. doi: 10.1080/00913367.1998.10673551\nKaytoue, M., Silva, A., Cerf, L., Meira Jr, W., & Raïssi, C. (2012, April). Watch me playing, i am a professional: a first study on video game live streaming. In Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on World Wide Web (pp. 1181-1188). ACM. doi: 10.1145/2187980.2188259\nKim, J., & Song, H. (2016). Celebrity`s self-disclosure on Twitter and parasocial relationships: A mediating role of social presence. Computers in Human Behavior, 62, 570-577. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.2756744\nKwok, L., & Yu, B. (2012). Spreading social media messages on Facebook: An analysis of restaurant business-to-consumer communications. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 54, 84-94. doi: 10.1177/1938965512458360\nLabrecque, L. I. (2014). Fostering consumer–brand relationships in social media environments: The role of parasocial interaction. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 28(2), 134-148. doi: 10.1016/j.intmar.2013.12.003\nLai, C. Y., & Yang, H. L. (2015). Determinants of individuals’ self-disclosure and instant information sharing behavior in micro-blogging. New Media & Society, 17(9), 1454-1472. doi: 10.1177/1461444814528294\nLedbetter, A. M., & Redd, S. M. (2016). Celebrity credibility on social media: A conditional process analysis of online self-disclosure attitude as a moderator of posting frequency and parasocial interaction. Western Journal of Communication, 80(5), 601-618. doi: 10.1080/10570314.2016.1187286\nLee, J. (2015). The double-edged sword The effects of journalists` social media activities on audience perceptions of journalists and their news products. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 20(3), 312-329. doi: 10.1111/jcc4.12113\nLevy, M. R. (1979). Watching TV news as para‐social interaction. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 23(1), 69-80. doi: 10.1080/08838157909363919\nLewis, S. C., Zamith, R., & Hermida, A. (2013). Content analysis in an era of big data: A hybrid approach to computational and manual methods. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 57(1), 34-52. doi: 10.1080/08838151.2012.761702\nLewis, S. C., Zamith, R., & Hermida, A. (2013). Content analysis in an era of big data A hybrid approach to computational and manual methods. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 57(1), 34-52. doi: 10.1080/08838151.2012.761702\nLipsman, A., Mudd, G., Rich, M., & Bruich, S. (2012). The power of “like”: How brands reach (and influence) fans through social-media marketing. Journal of Advertising Research, 52(1), 40-52. doi: 10.2501/JAR-52-1-040-052\nMazer, J. P., Murphy, R. E., & Simonds, C. J. (2007). I`ll see you on “Facebook”: The effects of computer-mediated teacher self-disclosure on student motivation, affective learning, and classroom climate. Communication Education, 56(1), 1-17. doi: 10.1080/03634520601009710\nMcCorkindale, T. (2010). Can you see the writing on my wall? A content analysis of the Fortune 50’s Facebook social networking sites. Public Relations Journal, 4(3), 1-13.\nMcCroskey, J. C., & McCain, T. A. (1974). The measurement of interpersonal attraction. Speech Monographs, 41, 261-266.\nMcDivitt, A. (2013). I Play To Beat The Machine Masculinity And The Video Game Industry In The United States (Master`s thesis, University of Central Florid). Retrieved from https://stars.library.ucf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3661&context=etd\nMcGuire, B., & LeRoy, D. J. (1977). Audience mail: Letters to the broadcaster. Journal of Communication, 27(3), 79-85. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1977.tb02129.x\nMcMillan, S. J., & Hwang, J. S. (2002). Measures of perceived interactivity: An exploration of the role of direction of communication, user control, and time in shaping perceptions of interactivity. Journal of advertising, 31(3), 29-42. doi:\nMerton R. K. with Fiske, M. & Curtis, A. (1971). Masspersuasion: The social psychology of a war bond drive. Westport, CT Greenwood Press.\nMolyneaux, H., O’Donnell, S., Gibson, K., & Singer, J. (2008). Exploring the gender divide on YouTube: An analysis of the creation and reception of vlogs. American Communication Journal, 10(2), 1-14.\nNakandala, S., Ciampaglia, G. L., Su, N. M., & Ahn, Y. (2017, May). Gendered conversation in a social game-streaming platform. Proceedings of the 11th International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media. Montreal, Canada.\nNewzoo (2018). Newzoo 2018 Global Games Market Report Light. Retrieved from https://resources.newzoo.com/hubfs/Reports/Newzoo_2018_Global_Games_Market_Report_Light.pdf?utm_medium=email&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-9Fewq8IlHkqBy8d_8ydLz107CDXRW5R6f80rBUaWW4ywbSWmaGFRdarw-o2VSLyUfwxF2cnRjieaabZ2h2j_dNQmMeDw&_hsmi=64244694&utm_content=64244324&utm_source=hs_email&hsCtaTracking=ffa42eb3-9f57-4ca1-bccb-425a3cd98d81%7C075c1c69-ce55-4aba-9c03-5d441d779476\nNewzoo (2018). Turning Players into Payers: Understanding the Gaming Payments Experience. Retrieved from https://www.aciworldwide.com/-/media/files/collateral/trends/how-to-turn-players-into-payers.pdf\nNewzoo (July 4, 2018). Taiwan Games Market 2018. Retrieved from https://newzoo.com/insights/infographics/taiwan-games-market-2018/?utm_campaign=Games%20-%20Consumer&utm_source=email\nPapa, M. J., Singhal, A., Law, S., Pant, S., Sood, S., Rogers, E. M., & Shefner‐Rogers, C. L. (2000). Entertainment‐education and social change: an analysis of parasocial interaction, social learning, collective efficacy, and paradoxical communication. Journal of communication, 50(4), 31-55. doi: 10.1093/joc/50.4.31\nPavlik, J. V. (1996). New media technology: Cultural and commercial perspectives. Allyn & Bacon.\nPayPal (May 29, 2018). PayPal 2018 Gaming Insights: The Gender Divide, eSports and More. Retrieved from https://www.paypal.com/stories/us/paypal-2018-gaming-insights-the-gender-divide-esports-and-more\nPeterson, R. A., & Kerin, R. A. (1977). The female role in advertisements: Some experimental evidence. The Journal of Marketing, 59-63. doi: 10.2307/1250235\nPew Research Center. (2017, September 7). News Use Across Social Media Platforms 2017. Retrieved from http://www.journalism.org/2017/09/07/news-use-across-social-media-platforms-2017/\nPutrevu, S. (2008). Consumer responses toward sexual and nonsexual appeals: The influence of involvement, need for cognition (NFC), and gender. Journal of advertising, 37(2), 57-70. doi: 10.2753/JOA0091-3367370205\nRafaeli, S. (1988). From new media to communication. Sage annual review of Communication Research: Advancing communication science, 16, 110-134.\nRedd, S. M. (2012). Online communication attitude and parasocial interaction with celebrities across Facebook and Twitter (Doctoral dissertation, Texas Christian University). Retrieved from https://repository.tcu.edu/bitstream/handle/116099117/4425/Redd_tcu_0229M_10331.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y\nReichert, T. (2003). What is sex in advertising? Perspectives from consumer behavior and social science research. Sex in advertising: Perspectives on the erotic appeal, 11-38.\nReichert, T., & Ramirez, A. (2000). Defining sexually oriented appeals in advertising: A grounded theory investigation. ACR North American Advances.\nReichert, T., Heckler, S. E., & Jackson, S. (2001). The effects of sexual social marketing appeals on cognitive processing and persuasion. Journal of advertising, 30(1), 13-27. doi: 10.1080/00913367.2001.10673628\nRubin, A. M., & Perse, E. M. (1987). Audience activity and soap opera involvement a uses and effects investigation. Human Communication Research, 14(2), 246-268. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2958.1987.tb00129.x\nRubin, A. M., & Step, M. M. (2000). Impact of motivation, attraction, and parasocial interaction on talk radio listening. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 44(4), 635-654. doi: 10.1207/s15506878jobem4404_7\nRubin, R. B., & McHugh, M. P. (1987). Development of parasocial interaction relationships. Journal of-Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 31(3), 279-292. doi: 10.1080/08838158709386664\nSchramm, H., & Hartmann, T. (2008). The PSI-Process Scales. A new measure to assess the intensity and breadth of parasocial processes. Communications, 33(4), 385-401. doi: 10.1515/COMM.2008.025\nSermat, V., & Smyth, M. (1973). Content analysis of verbal communication in the development of relationship: Conditions influencing self-disclosure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 26(3), 332-346. doi:10.1037/h0034473\nShort, J., Williams, E., & Christie, B. (1976). The social psychology of telecommunications. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.\nSinghal, A., & Rogers, E. M. (1989). Prosocial television for development in India. Public communication campaigns, 2, 331-350.\nSjøvaag, H., & Stavelin, E. (2012). Web media and the quantitative content analysis: Methodological challenges in measuring online news content. Convergence, 18(2), 215-229. doi: 10.1080/00913367.1986.10673018\nSoley, L., & Kurzbard, G. (1986). Sex in advertising: A comparison of 1964 and 1984 magazine advertisements. Journal of advertising, 15(3), 46-64. doi: 10.1080/00913367.1986.10673018\nSood, S., & Rogers, E. M. (2000). Dimensions of parasocial interaction by letter-writers to a popular entertainment-education soap opera in India. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 44(3), 386-414. doi: 10.1207/s15506878jobem4403_4\nStever, G. S., & Lawson, K. (2013). Twitter as a way for celebrities to communicate with fans: Implications for the study of parasocial interaction. North American journal of psychology, 15(2).\nStraubhaar, J., & LaRose, R. (1996). Communications media in the information society. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. doi: 10.2307/2786231\nTaylor, D. A., & Altman, I. (1975). Self-disclosure as a function of reward-cost outcomes. Sociometry, 18-31.\nTwitch (May 2, 2017). TW Top 100 Streamer on Twitch. Retrieved from https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B5EYjIra73ueeXVYMzlmVTRYTU0/view?fbclid=IwAR3FovLhiDG_PWXgzVC-zwxkcnWfjQzwbfQIxWDiO8faBXJVOEDoyzjy7vE\nViera, A. J., & Garrett, J. M. (2005). Understanding interobserver agreement: the kappa statistic. Fam med, 37(5), 360-363.\nWallace, E., Buil, I., de Chernatony, L., & Hogan, M. (2014). Who “likes” you… and why? A typology of Facebook fans: From “fan”-atics and self-expressives to utilitarians and authentics. Journal of Advertising Research, 54(1), 92-109. doi: 10.2501/JAR-54-1-092-109\nWaters, R. D., Burnett, E., Lamm, A., & Lucas, J. (2009). Engaging stakeholders through social networking: How nonprofit organizations are using Facebook. Public relations review, 35(2), 102-106. doi: 10.1016/j.pubrev.2009.01.006\nWe Are Social (January 30, 2018). 2018 Digital Yearbook. Retrieved from https://wearesocial.com/blog/2018/01/global-digital-report-2018\nWheeless, L. R., & Grotz, J. (1976). Conceptualization and measurement of reported self‐disclosure. Human Communication Research, 2(4), 338-346. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2958.1976.tb00494.x
描述: 碩士
國立政治大學
傳播學院傳播碩士學位學程
106464044
資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106464044
資料類型: thesis
Appears in Collections:學位論文

Files in This Item:
File SizeFormat
404401.pdf2.39 MBAdobe PDF2View/Open
Show full item record

Google ScholarTM

Check

Altmetric

Altmetric


Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.