WTO之文化例外條款在台灣對外經貿協定運用之研究

Abstract

本文欲探討WTO協定下文化例外在台灣之運用，為因應文化與貿易間日趨緊密的關係，希望藉由釐清聯合國教科文組織下的文化概念的演進，與WTO協定條文中可能涵蓋的文化例外條款相比，探討在WTO的體制下，各國是否有主張文化例外條款的空間。除了條文上的闡釋之外，本文希望藉由WTO爭端解決實際的案例，分析各國在處理文化貿易案件時，可能遭遇到文化例外上的爭點，藉由分析、理解在WTO場域主張文化例外時面臨的相關問題，並在WTO協定範圍內，針對文化例外條款問題提出可能的解決途徑。\n本文亦探討在WTO法律架構之外，在國際貿易協定中，文化例外條款設計的態樣及其優缺點。最後，將討論回歸我國《文化基本法》，探討我國文化基本法中可以對外主張文化例外條款之可能性，並統整國際貿易協定與台紐經濟合作協定中，提出我國未來訂定其他國際貿易協定時，得將文化例外條款納入國際協定之方式及建議，以利保障我國獨特的文化多樣性，及促進我國文化發展。

In response to the relationship between culture and trade, this present paper attempts to clarify the evolution of the cultural concept under UNESCO along with the cultural exception clauses that may be covered in the provisions of the WTO Agreement in order to discuss the whether there are rooms for countries to advocate cultural exception clauses under the WTO system; if not, if there is any solution.\nIn addition to the interpretation of the articles, this present paper attempts to analyze the difficulties which countries may encounter while avocating cultural exceptions through WTO disputes cases. By analyzing and understanding cultural exceptions within the scope of the WTO Agreement, this present paper attempts to propose possible solutions to the advocation of cultural exception clause. The present paper also discusses the design aspect of cultural exception clause with its advantages and disadvantages in international trade agreements.\nLast but not least, in order to safeguard Taiwan’s unique culture and promote culture diversity, we will discuss the possibility that Taiwan’s Cultural Basic Law claims cultural exception clauses in the international scale, and attempts to integrate the international trade agreements and Agreement between New Zealand and the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu on Economic Cooperation; propose the methods and recommendations for incorporating cultural exception clauses into international agreements when Taiwan sets other international trade agreements in the future.