我國國民參與刑事審判法草案－國民法官選任程序之研究

Abstract

人民參與刑事審判制度是世界司法改革的趨勢。透過人民參與刑事審判，可期待將健全的社會常識反映於司法中，並提升司法透明度，避免法官獨斷，且可使裁判結果更貼近國民正當法律感情，並藉此彰顯司法審判程序的民主性。本文主要是以我國國民參與刑事審判制度之選任程序為中心，依序介紹美國、德國與日本之人民參與刑事審判制度，以及我國國民參與刑事審判之立法研修過程；其次，再於文中簡介我國國民參與刑事審判法草案所規範「國民法官之來源及組成」、「國民法官之選任程序」、「國民法官之辭任與解任」相關規定，復探討選任程序中經常出現的問題。最後，再以對候選國民法官進行訊問的方式為中心，討論選任程序的目的、理念、主動辭退之審酌標準、對於是否有不能公正審理情事之認定標準、不附理由不選任制度存在的意義，並嘗試對現行國民參與刑事審判模擬法庭實務操作提出相當的建議。

It’s a trend of citizen participating in criminal trial procedures for national judicial reform in the world. The citizen participation in trials reflects healthy social common sense in administration of justice, and it is the one to improve the transparency of justice, to avoid the arbitrariness of judges, and look forward to judge the results of public opinion closer to the ideal of social perspectives and the implementation of judicial democracy.\nThe research purpose of this thesis intends to discuss the selection procedure of the citizen participating in the criminal trial procedure. In addition, the thesis introduces the citizen participation system of the criminal trial procedure in the United States, Germany and Japan, and also mentions the legislative reforms and revisions of the citizen participation of the criminal trial procedure in Taiwan. This article, then, explains the source and composition of the lay judges, the procedure of the selection of the lay judges, and the resignation and the dismissal of the lay judges in the Draft of the Act of Citizen Participation of Criminal Trial Procedure. It also aims to focus on the ways of questioning process when selecting the lay judges, and discuss the purposes and ideas of the selection process, the criteria of the resignation. It analyzes the situations that the prosecutors and the lawyers can reject potential lay judges who are biased or incapable of following the law and they can also toss a certain number of unbiased jurors for almost no reason. The research of this thesis expects to understand the selection process of lay judges. This thesis proposes the suggestions for the mock trial of the citizen participation in the criminal trial procedure.